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CHM 1010 > acs gen chem 1 final - sedo > Flashcards

acs gen chem 1 final - sedo Flashcards

1
Q

the physical matter of the universe. it is anything that has mass and occupies space

A

matter

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2
Q

________ is made up of relatively few elements

A

matter

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3
Q

the smallest building block of matter. smallest particle that retains the chemical property of the elements (O, He, S)

A

Atom

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4
Q

Each _______ is made of the same kind of atom

A

element

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5
Q

combination of atoms held together in specific shapes

A

molecule

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6
Q

no fixed volume or shape, conforms to volume and shape of container, is compressible

A

gas

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7
Q

individual particles are confined to a given volume, liquid flows (no definite shape) and assumes the shape of its container up to the volume of the liquid, slightly compressible

A

liquid

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8
Q

rigid with definite shape, very slightly compressible

A

solid

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9
Q

stable diatomics

A

H2, O2, N2, and the halogens, (F2, CL2, Br2, I2)

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10
Q

different samples of any pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass

A

law of constant (definite) composition

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11
Q

characteristics of a substance. can be observed without changing a substance into another substance

A

physical properties

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12
Q

describes the reactivity of a substance. can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance

A

chemical properties

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13
Q

does not depend on amount

A

intensive property

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14
Q

depends on amount

A

extensive property

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15
Q

substances transform into chemically different substances

A

chemical change

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16
Q

no change in chemical composition

A

physical change

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17
Q

how close to the true value a given measurement is

A

accuracy

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18
Q

how well a number of independent measurements agree with one another

A

precision

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19
Q

Electrons were discovered by _________ in 1897, while ___________ experiment determined its charge

A

JJ Thompson, Milikans Oil Drop

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20
Q

postulated a very small, dense nucleus with the electrons around the outside of the atom. most of the volume of the atom is empty space

A

rutherford

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21
Q

Protons were discovered by ___ in 1919

A

rutherford

22
Q

neutrons were discovered by ____ in 1932

A

james chadwick

23
Q

1) all matter is made of atoms. atoms are indivisible and indestructible

2) all atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties

3) compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms

4) a chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms

A

daltons atomic theory

24
Q

organic alkANEs

A

Mother Eats Peanut Butter:

Methane: CH4
Ethane: C2H6
Propane: C3H8
Butane: C4H10
then greek prefixes and so on

25
Q

uniform throughout, tea/throroughly mixed

A

homogeneous mixture

26
Q

not uniform throughout, cement/asphalt, sea water

A

heterogenous mixture

27
Q

when an element has a change in mass number, or neutrons

A

isotope

28
Q

a species of an element in which the number of electrons does not equal the number of protons

A

ion

29
Q

each isotope of an atom has a different number of neutrons

A

isotope

30
Q

mols/L; mmols/mL

A

molarity

31
Q

the lighter a gas’s atomic weight, the faster it will escape a container

A

graham’s law of effusion

32
Q

the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric pressure (760mmHg)

A

normal melting point

33
Q

the point at which the vapor pressure of a liquid = 1atm

A

boiling point

34
Q

change in spontaneity of a system

A

free energy

35
Q

amount of energy required to raise the water surrounding the chamber of the bomb calorimeter by one C

A

calorimeter constant

36
Q

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where ΔH = change in enthalpy and ΔS = change in entropy.

A

gibbs free energy

37
Q

change in energy of a system

A

enthalpy

38
Q

change in chaos/randomness of a system

A

entropy

39
Q

two atoms with the same charge

A

isoelectric

40
Q

an insulated contained used to study reactions at a constant volume

A

bomb calorimeter

41
Q

same as specific heat, but requirement for raising 1 mole of a substance by one C

A

molar heat capacity

42
Q

the energy required to break a bond, and the energy released when a bond is formed

A

bond energy

43
Q

the component of a chemical reaction that will be completely used up first

A

limiting reagent

44
Q

can be g/mol, kg/kmol, mg/mmol, etc

A

atomic mass

45
Q

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one °C. (units: J x g⁻¹ x °C⁻¹)

A

specific heat

46
Q

(J) mass (g) x specific heat (J x g⁻¹ x °C⁻¹) x ΔT (°C)

A

heat (q)

47
Q

a covalent bond in which the two electrons derive from the same atom; occurs most often between lewis acids and bases

A

coordinate covalent bonding*

48
Q

22.414 L/mol @ STP

A

molar volume of an ideal gas

49
Q

the volume occupied by one mole of a substance

A

molar volume

50
Q

CxHy + (x + y/4)O₂ → xCO₂ + y/2H₂O

A

general combustion/combustion of a hydrocarbon + how to balance)

51
Q

two molecules that are composed of the same type and number of elements but are arranged in different ways and have different properties are _____

A

isomers

52
Q

occurs when three atoms and one non-bonding pair is arranged around a central atom. polar

A

trigonal pyramidal

CHM 1010 (5 decks)

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