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CHM 1010 > acs gen chem 1 final - memorization > Flashcards

acs gen chem 1 final - memorization Flashcards

1
Q

what are the seven strong acids?

A

hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Hydrobromic acid (HBr)
Hydroiodic acid (HI)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Perchloric acid (HClO4)
Chloric acid (HClO3)

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2
Q

what are the some strong bases?

A

Alkali hydroxide (MOH)
Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
Strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2)
Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)

ANYTHING WITH OH

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3
Q

Femto-

A

10^15

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4
Q

Pico-

A

10^-12

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5
Q

Nano-

A

10^-9

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6
Q

Micro-

A

10^-6

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7
Q

milli-

A

10^-3

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8
Q

centi-

A

10^-2

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9
Q

hecto-

A

10^2

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10
Q

kilo-

A

10^3

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11
Q

mega-

A

10^6

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12
Q

giga-

A

10^9

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13
Q

tera-

A

10^12

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14
Q

peta-

A

10^15

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15
Q

What is the polyatomic ion mnemonic, and what are they?

A

Nick the Camel ATE a Clam for Supper in Phoenix

Nick = Nitrate = No3-
Camel = Carbonate = (CO3)2-

ATE = all of these ions are -ates = 3/4 oxygen

Clam = Chlorate = (ClO3)-
Supper = Sulfate = (SO4)2-
Phoenix = Phosphate = (PO4)3-

The -ite version of all of these ions is one less oxygen

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16
Q

what is the mnemonic for the solubility rules? what are the solubility rules?

A

ALWAYS SOLUBLE = NAG SAG EXCEPTIONS
N= Nitrates (NO3)
A = Acetates (C2H3O2)
G = Group 1 PMS (Pb, Hg, Ag)

S = Sulfates (SO4) Sr, Ba, Hg, Pb CSBear
A = Ammonium (NH4)
G = Group 17 PMS (Pb, Hg, Ag) CBear

ALWAYS INSOLUBLE = POCS EXCEPTIONS

P = PO4 NH4, G1
O = OH NH4, G1, Ca, Sr, Ba
C = CO3 NH4, G1
S = S2- NH4, G1, Ca, Sr, Ba

17
Q

what are the naming rules for acids/bses?

A

binary acids - hydrogen + monoatomic

hydro + anion + ic + acid

HI = hydroiodic acid

oxoacids - hydrogen + polyatomic

if ite, remove and add ous + acid
nitrite (NO2), becomes nitrous acid

if ate, remove and add ic + acid
HNO3 = nitric acid

Hypo = one oxygen
Ous = 2 oxygen
Ic = 3 oxygen
Per = 4 oxygen

this is typically, be careful of the polyatomic youre dealing with, G3 and below have O4 = ate = ic

18
Q

what are the covalent bonding prefixes

A

1 = mono
2 = di
3 = tri
4 = tetra
5 = penta
6 = hexa
7 = hepta
8 = octa
9 = nona
10 = deca

19
Q

what are the rules for organic naming? what are the first 4 prefixes for organic naming?

A

MEPB

meth = 1
eth = 2
prop = 3
but = 4

CnHm

ane = m=2n+2
ene = m=2n
yne = m=2n-2

20
Q

what is the hybridization for a steric number of 2?

A

sp

21
Q

what is the hybridization for a steric number of 3?

A

sp2

22
Q

what is the hybridization for a steric number of 4?

A

sp3

23
Q

what is the hybridization for a steric number of 5?

A

sp3d

24
Q

what is the hybridization for a steric number of 6?

A

sp3d2

25
Q

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bonds and 0 lone pairs?

A

linear, nonpolar, 180

26
Q

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bonds and 0 lone pairs?

A

trigonal planar, nonpolar, 120

27
Q

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bonds and 1 lone pair?

A

bent, polar, <120

28
Q

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angle of a molecule with 4 bonds and 0 lone pairs?

A

Tetrahedral, nonpolar, 109.5

29
Q

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angle of a molecule with 3 bonds and 1 lone pair?

A

Trigonal pyramidal, polar, <109.5

30
Q

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angle of a molecule with 2 bonds and 2 lone pairs?

A

bent, polar, <109.5

31
Q

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angles of a molecule with 5 bonds and 0 lone pairs?

A

Trigonal bipyramidal, nonpolar, 90 equa and 120 axial

32
Q

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angles of a molecule with 4 bonds and 1 lone pair?

A

seesaw, polar, <90 and <120

33
Q

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angles of a molecule with 3 bonds and 2 lone pairs?

A

T-shaped, polar, <90 and <120

34
Q

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angles of a molecule with 2 bonds and 3 lone pairs?

A

Linear, nonpolar, and 180

35
Q

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angles of a molecule with 6 bonds and 0 lone pairs?

A

octahedral, nonpolar, 90

36
Q

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angles for a molecule with 5 bonds and 1 lone pairs?

A

square pyramidal, polar, <90 and <120

37
Q

what is the molecular geometry, polarity, and bond angles of a molecule with 4 bonds and 2 lone pairs?

A

square planar, nonpolar, 90

38
Q

molecules will be nonpolar if…

A
  1. central atom has no lone pairs, if it does then it must be square planar (6,4,2) or linear
  2. all atoms around central atom are the same

CHM 1010 (5 decks)

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