Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Med 4 > ACS and CV drugs > Flashcards

ACS and CV drugs Flashcards

1
Q

clinical suspicion or confirmation of acute myocardial ischemia or infarction

A

definition of ACS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

reversible ischemia w/out injury

A

unstable angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

myocardial ischemia w/ injury

A

myocardial infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

initial management of ACS

A

A, E, I, O, N

  • preliminary H and P
  • ASA 325 mg PO (chewed)
  • EKG
  • IV access and bloodwork
  • O2 (keep sat above 90)
  • nitrates (unless contraindicated)
  • consider morphine if severe persistent CP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

unstable angina

EKG?

cardiac enzymes?

A

EKG- normal usually

cardiac enzymes- normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

NSTEMI

EKG?

cardiac enzymes?

A

EKG- ST depression or T wave changes

cardiac enzymes- elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

STEMI

EKG?

cardiac enzymes?

A

EKG- ST elevation

cardiac enzymes- elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

anterior wall MI shows on leads

A

V2- V4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

septal wall MI shows on leads

A

V1 and V2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lateral wall MI shows on leads

A

1, aVL, V5 and V6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

inferior wall MI shows on leads

A

2, 3, and aVF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

posterior wall MI shows on leads

A

V1 to V4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

anterior wall MI vessel

A

LAD- diagonal branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

septal wall MI vessel

A

LAD- septal branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lateral wall MI vessel

A

Left Coronary Artery- circumflex branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

inferior wall MI vessel

A

Right Coronary Artery- posterior descending branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

posterior wall MI vessel

A

Left Coronary Artery- circumflex branch

or

Posterior Descending Artery- posterior descending branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ACS initial drugs if

meets criteria for STEMI

A

antiplatelet/ anticoagulant (ASA, clopidogrel, heparin, etc)

BB (if not contraindicated, such as in HF)

IV nitro (if not contraindicated for persistent CP)

PCI (w/in 90 mins)

thrombolysis (w/in 30 mins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ACS initial drugs if

you have strong suspicion for ischemia despite lack of persistent ST elevation

A

antiplatelet/ anticoagulant (ASA, clopidogrel, heparin, etc)

BB (if not contraindicated, such as in HF)

IV nitro (if not contraindicated for persistent CP)

catheterization (if high risk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ACS initial drugs if

normal EKG

OR

nondiagnostic EKG + normal cardiac enzymes

A

eval and monitor

repeat EKG and cardiac enzymes Q 6-12 hours

if no evidence of ischemia then perform stress test/ imaging study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MI antiplatelet options

A

aspirin

clopidogrel

abciximab/ eptifibatide/ tirofiban

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MI anticoagulant options

A

unfractionated heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MI beta blocker options

A

metoprolol

atenolol

(cardio-selective BB’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

MI statin options

A

atorvastatin

rosuvastatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

thiazides indications

A

hypertension

edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

potassium sparing diuretic indications

A

HF

liver failure w/ ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

common potassium sparing diuretic

A

triamterene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

aldosterone antagonist indications

A

hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

common aldosterone antagonist

A

spironolactone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

loop diuretic indications

A

HF

hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

common loop diuretics

A

furosemide

bumetanide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

thiazides adverse reactions

A

hypokalemia

hypotension (orthostatic)

hyperuricemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

potassium sparing diuretic adverse reactions

A

hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

aldosterone antagonist adverse reactions

A

hyperkalemia

gynecomastia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

loop diuretic adverse reactions

A

hypokalemia

hypomagnesemia

hypocalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

thiazide contraindications

A

allergy to sulfa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

potassium sparing diuretic contraindications

A

use caution when combining with:

ACE/ARB

potassium supplements

38
Q

aldosterone antagonist contraindications

A

renal impairment

DM w/ proteinuria

39
Q

loop diuretic contraindications

A

allergy to sulfa

40
Q

nitrates MOA

A

relax vascular smooth muscle

dilates coronary arteries

decreases preload

41
Q

nitrate routes

A

oral

parenteral

topical

42
Q

nitrates indications

A

ACS

angina

HTN

HF
pulmonary hypertension

esophageal spasm

43
Q

nitrates adverse reactions

A

HA

hypotension

tachycardia

dizziness

44
Q

nitrates contraindications

A

SBP < 90

bradycardia < 50

tachycardia > 100

RV infarction

use of phosphodiesterase inhibitor (ED drug) w/in 24 hours

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

severe aortic stenosis

45
Q

BB MOA

A

blocks the activity of catecholamines at the beta adrenoreceptors

decreasing HR

decreasing CO

decreasing myocardial demand

46
Q

commonly used cardioselective BB

A

atenolol

metoprolol

nebivolol

(selective for B1)

47
Q

commonly used NON-cardioselective BB

A

propranolol

nadolol

(hits B1 and B2 receptors)

48
Q

BB indications

A

stable HF

post-MI

angina

arrhythmias

HTN

49
Q

BB adverse reactions

A

bronchoconstriction

bradycardia

AV block

fatigue

ED

depression

dizziness/ hypotension

50
Q

BB absolute contraindications

A

hypotension/ cardiogenic shock

active bronchospasm

severe bradycardia

2nd or 3rd degree heart block

overt HF

51
Q

BB relative contraindications

A

COPD

asthma

diabetes

52
Q

BB may mask symptoms of _____ in _____

A

BB may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia in diabetics

53
Q

abrupt withdrawal of BB can cause what

A

acute coronary events and severe increases in BP

(so AVOID)

54
Q

BB should be used with caution in pts with

A

depression

55
Q

ACE-i MOA

A

by inhibiting the coversion of angio 1 to angio 2, they cause vasodilation

56
Q

commonly used ACE-i

A

lisinopril

enalapril

quinapril

57
Q

ACE-i indications

A

HTN

HF

post-MI

diabetic nephropathy

CKD

58
Q

ACE-i adverse reactions

A

hyperkalemia

hypotension

cough

angioedema

59
Q

ACE-i contraindications

A

pregnancy

hx of angioedema

renal artery stenosis

60
Q

you should consider ACE-i for renoprotection in who?

A

diabetics

61
Q

ARBs MOA

A

antagonize angio 2 AT2 receptors, causing vasodilation

62
Q

commonly used ARBs

A

valsartan

losartan

olmesartan

63
Q

ARBs indications

A

HTN

post-MI

HF

diabetes

CKD

64
Q

ARBs adverse reactions

A

hyperkalemia

hypotension

angioedema

65
Q

ARBs contraindications

A

pregnancy

renal artery stenosis

hx of angioedema

66
Q

CCB MOA

A

inhibit calcium influx into arterial smooth muscle cells, relaxing coronary smooth muscle,

decreasing peripheral vascular resistance

67
Q

commonly used dihydropyridine CCBs

A

amlodipine

felodipine

nifedipine

68
Q

commonly used NON-dihydropyridine CCB

A

verapamil

diltiazem

69
Q

dihydropyridine CCB indications

A

HTN

angina

70
Q

NON-dihydropyridine CCB indications

A

angina

rate control for a-fib/a-flutter

HTN

71
Q

dihydropyridine CCB contraindications

A

acute MI

72
Q

NON-dihydropyridine CCB contraindications

A

severe LV dysfunction

sick sinus syndrome

AV block

WPW

73
Q

CCB adverse reactions

A

constipation

peripheral edema

flushing

dizziness/hypotension

74
Q

what drugs are recommended for the treatment of HTN during pregnancy

A

nifedipine (CCB)

methyldopa (alpha agonist)

75
Q

first line tx for essential HTN

A

thiazide diuretcis

ACE-i / ARBs

CCB

76
Q

CV drugs for initial tx for ACS

A

nitrates

BB

CCB

77
Q

CV drugs contraindicated in pregnancy

A

ACE-i

ARBs

78
Q

fibrinolytic absolute contraindications

A

hx of intracranial hemorrhage

hx of additional prior ischemic stroke in the past 3 months

cerebral vascular malformation

intracranial malignancy

sxs of aortic dissection

bleeding disorder/ traumatic bleeding

closed head/ facial trauma in the past 3 months

79
Q

risk factors for aortic dissection

A

marfans

cartilage issue

fam hx

80
Q

risk factors for herpes zoster

A

pregnancy

stress

81
Q

primary causes of pericarditis

A

idiopathic

viral

82
Q

primary causes of cardiac tamponade

A

trauma (incl. cardiac sx)

pericardial effusion

infection

83
Q

what does the pt with a pneumothorax look like

A

tall

thin

male

84
Q

tingling in fingers

palpitations

CP

A

panic disorder CP presentation

85
Q

why is cocaine bad for the heart

A

increased O2 demand

coronary artery vasoconstriction

86
Q

young

anxious

diaphoretic

CP

A

cocaine/meth

87
Q

with herpes zoster, which comes first- rash or sxs

A

sxs

88
Q

does every ACS pt get MONA

A

no

just NA (nitrates, ASA)

only pts w/ sat less than 90 get O2

only pts who really need it and pain is refractory to nitrates get Morphine

89
Q

anti-hypertensive drug that causes

gynecomastia

A

aldosterone antagonist

90
Q

anti-hypertensive drugs that cause hyperkalemia

A

potassium sparing diuretic

aldosterone antagonist

ACE

ARB

(so don’t combine)

91
Q

anti-hypertensive drugs that cause bronchoconstriction

A

BB

Clin Med 4 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions