Acronyms & Key Terms Flashcards
NENA Knowledge Base Glossary
1
Q
9-1-1
A
A three-digit telephone number to facilitate the reporting of an emergency requiring response by a public safety agency.
2
Q
9-1-1 Authority
A
A State, County, Regional, or other governmental entity responsible for 9-1-1 service operations. For example, this could be a county/parish or other local government, a special 9-1-1 or Emergency Communications District, a Council of Governments, or other similar body.
3
Q
9-1-1 Map Display
A
The part of the Human Machine Interface (HMI) that displays emergency event location and calling device location information on a map.
4
Q
9-1-1 Service Area
A
The geographic area that has been granted authority by a state or local governmental body to provide 9-1-1 service.
5
Q
9-1-1 System
A
The set of network, software applications, databases, components and operations & management procedures required to provide 9-1-1 service. This may include commercial, governmental and human resources.
6
Q
A-GPS
A
(Assisted-Global Positioning System) is a system that often significantly improves the startup performance—i.e., time-to-first-fix (TTFF)—of a GPS satellite-based positioning system. A-GPS is extensively used with GPS-capable cellular phones, as its development was accelerated by the U.S. FCC’s 9-1-1 requirement to make cell phone location data available to emergency call dispatchers.
7
Q
AACN
A
(Advanced Automatic Collision Notification) is an emergency call placed by a vehicle, initiated either automatically or manually, conveying telematics data. “Advanced” indicates that the call carries advanced telematics data such as information about a crash, rollover, fire, other incidents, vehicle description, location, etc.
aka Telematics Call
8
Q
ACN
A
(Automatic Collision Notification)
The same as AACN but without the advanced aspects.
9
Q
NG-AACN
A
(Next-Generation AACN) An AACN call using NG9-1-1 and conveying the data in the call set-up so the call can be identified as an AACN during routing and call handling, and the data may be available to call handling equipment and a call taker immediately.
10
Q
Abandoned Call
A
An emergency Call in which the caller disconnects before the Call can be answered by the PSAP (Public Safety Answering Point).
11
Q
Access Line
A
The connection between a customer premises network interface and the Local Exchange Carrier that provides access to the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network).
12
Q
Access Provider
A
Any organization that arranges for an individual or an organization to have access to the Internet.
13
Q
ACD
A
(Automatic Call Distributor) is equipment that automatically distributes incoming calls to available PSAP attendants in the order the calls are received or queues calls until an attendant becomes available.
14
Q
ACL
A
(Access Control List) is a security mechanism used to allow or deny access to either computing or networking systems (e.g., access through a firewall).
15
Q
Acoustic Coupler
A
An interface device for converting electrical signals to auditory signals and vice-versa, usually into and out of a traditional telephone handset. It consists of rubber cups that hold the telephone handset on a TTY device.
16
Q
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
A
Federal Legislation passed into law on July 26, 1990, prohibiting discrimination based on disabilities. It is a landmark civil rights law that identifies and prohibits discrimination based on disability in employment, state and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications. This Act requires all Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) to provide direct and equal access to emergency telephone services for people with disabilities who use teletypewriters (TTY/TDDs), also known as telecommunications devices for the deaf. This means that the personnel answering calls at the PSAP level must be able to receive TTY/TDD calls directly and must be able to engage in TTY/TDD conversation.
17
Q
Additional Data
A
Further describe the nature of how the call was placed, the person(s) associated with the device placing the call, or the location the call was placed from. There are three types of Additional Data:
Additional Data for the Call
Additional Data for the Caller
Additional Data for the Location
18
Q
Address Types
A
Civic Address - Any city-style address with a house number and a street name.
Postal Address - Address recognized and used by the USPS (United States Postal Service) for delivery of mail.
Service Address - The physical location of a (static) subscriber access line.
Sub address - A component of a Civic Address that provides differentiation between features having a common street name and address number.
19
Q
ADM
A
NENA Administrative (ADM) documents describe the organizational structure of the association and its committees, establish the processes for document development and approval, and provide the appropriate forms to document committee work. ADM documents are developed and maintained by the Development Group Administrative Committee’s Document Management Working Group and approved by the DSC and NENA Board.
20
Q
Administrative ESN
A
(Emergency Services Number) - A 3-5 digit number that represents an ESZ (Emergency Service Zone). It is stored in the MSAG (Master Street Address Guide) and is returned from an ALI (Automatic Location Identification) query. The Administrative ESN facilitates dispatching of the proper emergency service agency(ies). An Administrative ESN is assigned to each MSAG range to associate the physical addresses to an ESZ. It is used to display English Language Translations (ELT) and may be used by CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) to transfer calls to the correct responder. An Administrative ESN may not be the same as a routing ESN (Refer to Routing ESN)
21
Q
ADR
A
(Additional Data Repository) is a data retrieval facility for Additional Data. The ADR dereferences a URI passed in a Call-Info header field or PIDF-LO <provided-by> and returns an Additional Data object block. An Identity-Searchable Additional Data Repository (IS-ADR) returns Additional Data associated with an identity.</provided-by>
22
Q
AES
A
(Advanced Encryption Standard) is a FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standard)-approved cryptographic algorithm that is used to protect electronic data.
23
Q
AFLT
A
(Advanced Forward Link Trilateration) is a type of handset-based position location technology. Unlike A-GPS, AFLT does not use GPS satellites to determine location. To determine location, the phone takes measurements of signals from nearby cellular base stations (towers) and reports the time/distance readings back to the network, which are then used to triangulate an approximate location of the handset. In general, at least three surrounding base stations are required to get an optimal position fix.
24
Q
Agency
A
An entity with a valid public safety purpose under a single discrete recognized administration.
In 9-1-1 and public safety operations, an Agency is a governmental entity, or a non-governmental entity under the direction of a governmental entity, responsible for all or some part of 9-1-1 system provisioning, call processing, and field response.
In NG9-1-1, a governmental Agency is recognized through validating an enabling statute, ordinance, municipal incorporation, joint powers agreement, or similar. A private entity is recognized through validating articles of incorporation, business registration, or similar. A validated Agency will have a unique Agency Identifier and will be issued an Agency Certificate. The Agency Certificate can validate Agents that are members of that Agency.
The Agency provisioned in the NG9-1-1 environment that holds an Agency Certificate may not necessarily be the same Agency recognized in 9-1-1 and public safety operations, depending on how the NG9-1-1 system is designed and configured.
25
Agency Identifier
A domain name for an agency used as a globally unique identifier.
26
Agent
An authorized person — employee, contractor, or volunteer — who has one or more authorized functions in, or as directed by, an Agency.
In NG9-1-1, an Agent is validated by its parent Agency. The fact that the Agent’s Certificate Signing Request is signed by the parent Agency’s Agency Certificate constitutes validation of that Agent. A validated Agent will have a unique Agent Identifier and will be issued an Agent Certificate. An Agent in NG9-1-1 can also be an automaton in some circumstances (e.g., an IMR answering a call). The Agent Certificate will enumerate the Role(s) of the Agent.
27
AIP
(Access Infrastructure Provider) is the entity providing physical communications access to the subscriber. This access may be provided over telco wire, CATV cable, wireless or other media. Usually, this term is applied to purveyors of broadband internet access but is not exclusive to them.
28
ALE
(Access Location Entity) is a network entity or function that provides network measurements to a LIS allowing the LIS to correlate a device with a physical location.
29
ALI
(Automatic Location Identification) is the automatic display at the PSAP of the caller’s telephone number, the address/location of the telephone and supplementary emergency services information of the location from which a call originates.
30
ALRS
(Agency Locator Record Store) is a web service that, when presented with an agency locator URI, returns the agency locator record.
31
Alternate Address Record
The Postal equivalent to the MSAG or any other alternate address required (i.e., an alias street name – John Carpenter Freeway vs. Highway 121).
32
Alternate Routing
The capability of routing 9-1-1 calls to a designated alternate location(s) if all 9-1-1 trunks are busy or out of service. May be activated upon request or automatically, if detectable, when 9-1-1 equipment fails or the PSAP itself is disabled.
33
ANI
(Automatic Number Identification) is the telephone number associated with the call origination, originally associated with the access line of the caller.
34
ANI Controller
A stand-alone CPE component that provides the ANI decoding and function key control for 9-1-1 service.
35
ANI II Digits
Digits in the Enhanced MF Signaling protocol that indicate to the PSAP CPE ANI display device whether the display should remain steady or flash, or if the call is a test call.
36
pANI
(Pseudo Automatic Number Identification), Routing Number
A telephone number used to support routing of wireless 9‑1‑1 calls. It may identify a wireless cell, cell sector or PSAP to which the call should be routed.
37
ANS
(American National Standard) is a standard document accredited by ANSI (American National Standards Institute).
38
ANSI
(American National Standards Institute) is an entity that coordinates the development and use of voluntary consensus standards in the United States and represents the needs and views of U.S. stakeholders in standardization forums around the globe.
39
ANSI BSR
(Board of Standards Review) is responsible for the approval and withdrawal of American National Standards.
40
Answering Position
The workstation at which 9-1-1 calls are answered and responded to by the Telecommunicator.
41
AOA
(Angle of Arrival) is a terrestrial Location Determination Technology (LDT) that computes a transmitter's location based upon the angle at which the transmitter's radio signal strikes multiple receivers.
42
APCO
(Association of Public Safety Communications Officials) is the world’s oldest and largest not-for-profit professional organization dedicated to the enhancement of public safety communications.
43
API
(Application Programming Interface) is a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications. The API specifies how software components should interact and APIs may be used when programming GUI (Graphical User Interface) components.
44
AQS
(ALI Query Service) is the NENA XML schema that defines the ALI interface between the ALI Database and the PSAP.
45
ASL
(American Sign Language) is a natural visual-spatial language which is governed by complex linguistic rules and parameters that are distinct from spoken and written languages. It is most commonly used by the Deaf community in the United States and parts of Canada.
46
ASL Gloss
(American Sign Language Gloss) is a simplified notational system used to transcribe American Sign Language into another language. This is most often used in settings where video is not available. American Sign Language does not have a written form and glossing should not be taken as such.
47
ASN
(Autonomous System Number) is a unique globally available number used to identify an autonomous system that enables it to exchange exterior routing information with other neighboring autonomous systems.
48
ASRR
(Average Sector Radius Range) is the average distance from a point (e.g., cell tower) that scribes an arc depicting a sector under average operating conditions.
49
ATIS
(Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions) is a U.S.-based organization that is committed to rapidly developing and promoting technical and operations standards for the communications and related information technologies industry worldwide using a pragmatic, flexible and open approach.
50
Authoring Working Group
The group that approves the content of a NENA document and whose vote (by the group’s eligible voters) demonstrates evidence of consensus.
51
Authoritative
Definitive, master. Information has an authoritative source, normally the owner of the information or its designee. There is only one authoritative source. A specific element or service may be authoritative for a given implementation or jurisdiction.
52
Authorized Observer
A Working Group role available to Committee Co-Chairs, DSC Advisors, NENA Staff and Executive Board members who may participate in WGs, but do not have voting rights.
53
Average Busy Hour
The 1-hour period during the week statistically shown over time to be the hour in which the most telephone calls are received.
54
AVL
(Automatic Vehicle Location) is a means for determining the geographic location of a vehicle and transmitting this information.
55
B2BUA
(Back‑to‑Back User Agent) is a SIP element that relays signaling mechanisms while performing some alteration or modification of the messages that would otherwise not be permitted by a proxy server.
A logical entity that receives a request and processes it as a UAS (user agent server). In order to determine how the request should be answered, it acts as a UAC (user agent client) and generates requests. Unlike a proxy server it maintains dialog state and must participate in all requests sent on the dialogs it established.
56
Basic 9-1-1
An emergency telephone system which automatically connects 9-1-1 callers to a designated answering point. Call routing is determined by originating central office only. Basic 9-1-1 may or may not support ANI and/or ALI.
57
Baudot Code
A five-bit encoding scheme developed for Telex transmission that represents text, numerals, punctuation and control signals. It is the standard transmission signaling scheme used by TDD/TTY devices.
58
BCF
(Border Control Function) provides a secure entry into the ESInet for emergency calls presented to the network. The BCF incorporates firewall, admission control, and may include anchoring of session and media as well as other security mechanisms to prevent deliberate or malicious attacks on PSAPs or other entities connected to the ESInet.
59
BGP
(Border Gateway Protocol) is a protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems.
60
BISACS
(Building Information Services and Control System) is a computer-based system that allows access to building information such as its structural layout and/or monitors a particular building or set of buildings for alerts.
61
Business Day
A 24-hour period of time beginning at midnight which is established by the Database Management System Providers' and/or Service Providers' hours of operation. Business days do not normally include Saturday and Sunday or any Provider's recognized holidays.
62
Busy Hour
The hour each day with the greatest emergency call volume at a PSAP.
63
CAD
(Computer Aided Dispatch) is a computer-based system that aids PSAP Telecommunicators by automating selected dispatching and record-keeping activities.
64
UCAD
(Unified Computer Aided Dispatch)
A detailed, comprehensive, and unified set of functional requirements for CAD (Computer Aided Dispatch), developed by the IJIS Institute and APCO (Association of Public Safety Communications Officials International).
65
CALEA
(Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies) was created in 1979 as a credentialing authority through the joint efforts of law enforcement's major executive associations:
IACP (International Association of Chiefs of Police);
NOBLE (National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives);
NSA (National Sheriffs' Association); and
PERF (Police Executive Research Forum).
The purpose of CALEA’s Accreditation Programs is to improve the delivery of public safety services, primarily by: maintaining a body of standards, developed by public safety practitioners, covering a wide range of up-to-date public safety initiatives; establishing and administering an accreditation process; and recognizing professional excellence.
66
Call
A generic term referring to any request for public safety assistance, regardless of the media used to make that request.
See also: Call, The - dramedy starring Halle Berry as an unrealistic version of a dispatcher.
NENA's magazine is also named The Call Magazine.
67
Call Back
The capability to re-contact the calling party.
68
Call Handling
A Functional Element concerned with the details of the management of calls. It handles all communication from the caller. It includes the interfaces, devices, and applications the Agents utilize to handle the call.
69
Call Identifier
A globally unique identifier assigned by the first element in the first ESInet which handles a call.
70
Call Progress Signals
Audible cues to advise 9-1-1 callers of the status of their call. (e.g. Busy Tone, Reorder Tone)
71
Call Queuing
The method of selection of which calls get passed to the outgoing trunk group when there are more call originations than terminating members on the outgoing trunk.
72
Call Relay
Forwarding of pertinent information by a Telecommunicator to the appropriate response agency (not to be confused with Telephone Relay Service).
73
Call Routing
The function of delivering the 9‑1‑1 call to the appropriate PSAP.
74
Call Server
Used in the Interim VoIP Architecture For Enhanced 9‑1‑1 Services standard to refer to the entity in a private or public IP domain that provides service to endpoints in an emergency caller’s home domain and that interworks with the SIP servers and other elements in the IP domain used to support emergency services call routing in the i3 solution. The Call Server may use SIP or some other VoIP signaling protocol within its own serving domain.
75
Call Set-Up Time
In wireline telephony, the amount of time between when a caller dials the last one (1) in 9‑1‑1 and the call is presented to the appropriate PSAP. In wireless and IP telephony, the amount of time between when a caller presses “send” (or equivalent) and the call is presented to the appropriate PSAP.
76
Calling Party Hold
The capability of the PSAP to maintain control of a 9‑1‑1 caller’s access line, even if the caller hangs up.
77
CAMA
(Centralized Automated Message Accounting) is a type of in-band analog transmission protocol that transmits telephone numbers via multi-frequency encoding. Originally designed for billing purposes.
78
CAP
(Common Alerting Protocol) is a general format for exchanging emergency alerts, primarily designed as an interoperability standard for use among warning systems and other emergency information systems.
79
CAP message
A notification using the Common Alerting Protocol. CAP is used within the ESInet to send alerts from automated systems to PSAPs, and is also used to communicate data between agencies without a call.
80
Carrier
In the context of 9‑1‑1 database vernacular, a business entity provides a function to a customer base, typically for a fee. Examples of carriers and associated services are; a Local Exchange Carrier providing PSTN service, a VoIP Service Provider providing VoIP service, an Internet Service Provider providing email service.
81
CAS
Call Associated Signaling
Allows for the device position or location information to be delivered to the emergency services network in the call signaling as part of the call setup information. With Call Associated Signaling, the originating network pushes the position information to an ESNE (Emergency Services Network Entity).
82
CallPath Associated Signaling
A method for delivery of wireless 9-1-1 calls in which the Mobile Directory Number and other call associated data are passed from the Mobile Switching Center to the PSAP via the voice path.
83
Channel Associated Signaling
An option for the signaling channel (time slot 16) of an E1 interface; ITU G.704. Used on digital interfaces for signaling.
84
CDR
(Call Detail Record) is a record stored in a database recording the details of a received or transmitted call. The data information sent to the ALI computer by a remote identifying device (PBX, Call Position Identifier, …)
85
Cell Sector
One face of a cell site (typically 3-sided) that operates independently of the other sectors.
86
Cell Site
The location of a cell tower and related equipment.
87
Centrex
A business telephone service offered by some Local Exchange Carriers that provides PBX type features over access lines.
88
Centroid
A point within and at the center of the physical extent of a real-world object, as represented in a GIS.
89
CERT
(Community Emergency Response Team) is a FEMA-sponsored training program to enable local volunteers to assist first responders in disaster response.
90
Certificate Authority
A trusted entity that issues digital certificates. The Certificate Authority conducts a vetting process to ensure that the digital certificate holder is who they claim to be. Digital certificates are essential to secure communication and are important in the PKI (Public Key Infrastructure).
91
CGL
(Calling Geodetic Location) is an ISUP parameter that indicates the X/Y coordinates of the calling party.
92
CHGN
(Charge Number) is a parameter within SS7 and MF signaling to designate the telephone number that would be billed for the call (billing is not applicable to 9‑1‑1 calls).
93
CHS
(Call Handling System) is a communications software system and equipment used to receive and process Calls.
94
CID
(Company Identifiers) NENA Company Identifiers (also known as Company IDs or CIDs) allow 9-1-1 centers to quickly identify the telephone company or access infrastructure provider responsible for a particular telephone number.
95
CID 1
Access Infrastructure Provider ID, Company Identifier (ID) 1, CID 1
A 3-5 character identifier that distinguishes the entity providing voice service (e.g., Wireline, Wireless, VoIP, PBX, etc.) to the end user. The company identifier registry is maintained by NENA in a nationally accessible database
96
CID 2
Data Provider Company ID, Company Identifier (ID) 2, CID 2
A 3-5 character identifier that distinguishes the source of the ALI record information (e.g., service provider/reseller/private switch owner, or telematics provider).
97
SPID
(Service Provider Identifier), OCN (Operating Company Number)
A four (4) character, numeric service provider identification code assigned by the NECA (National Exchange Carrier Association) to Local Exchange Carriers. It does not include resellers, private switch owners or others not acting as LEC’s who are sending customer’s transaction record data to the 9-1-1 databases.
98
cid
(Content Identifier [Content‑ID]) is a unique identifier assigned to a body part that allows the body part to be referenced in a SIP header field.
99
CIF
(Critical Issues Forum) are periodic events presented as a public service, focusing on emerging and significant topics in emergency communications. CIFs typically provide one to three day workshops featuring industry experts.
100
Circuit-Switched Networks
A type of network in which a physical path is obtained for and dedicated to a single connection between two end points in the network for the duration of the connection. Ordinary voice phone service is circuit-switched.
101
CISA
(Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency) is a federal agency that is the Nation’s risk advisor, working with partners to defend against today’s threats and collaborating to build more secure and resilient infrastructure for the future. "CISA Central" replaces the NCCIC (National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center).
102
CISC
(Canadian radio-television and telecommunications commission Interconnection Steering Committee) is the Steering Committee for the CRTC (Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission).
103
CISD
(Critical Incident Stress Debriefing) refers to a structured group discussion, usually provided 1 to 10 days post crisis, and designed to mitigate acute symptoms, assess the need for follow-up and, if possible, provide a sense of post-crisis psychological closure.
104
CISM
(Critical Incident Stress Management) refers to a team comprised of peers and mental health professionals who train and work together to help personnel through traumatic and/or critical incidents. These teams play a crucial role following a critical incident by providing group defusing and debriefing meetings and coordinated conversations to mitigate stress reactions and provide guidance on coping. CISM Teams may be local, regional, or from different parts of the US, as it is strongly discouraged for peers to debrief their own personnel.
105
CJIS
(Criminal Justice Information Services) serves as the focal point and central repository for criminal justice information services in the FBI. Programs initially consolidated under the CJIS Division included the NCIC (National Crime Information Center), UCR (Uniform Crime Reporting), and Fingerprint Identification. In addition, responsibility for several ongoing technological initiatives was transferred to the CJIS Division, including the IAFIA (Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System), NCIC 2000, and the NIBRS (National Incident-Based Reporting System).
106
CLDXF
(Civic Location Data Exchange Format) is a United States profile of PIDF‑LO that defines a set of standard data elements that describe detailed street address information.
107
Client ID
An identifier for an instance of a Location Object (Geo Location, Civic Location or both) that is stored in a LIS.
108
CLLI
(Common Language Location Identifier) is an identifier used in the North American telecommunications industry to specify the location of equipment. For example, an 8 to 11 character code assigned to a central office to designate the physical location.
109
CMRS
(Commercial Mobile Radio Service) is a US FCC designation for any carrier or licensee whose wireless network is connected to the public switched telephone network.
110
CO
(Central Office) The Local Exchange Carrier facility where access lines are connected to switching equipment for connection to the Public Switched Telephone Network.
aka End Office (EO)
111
Code Point
A code for a requested QoS action used in the Diffserv QoS mechanism on an IP network. The code point is sent in the TOS field of an IP packet.
112
CODEC
(Coder/DECoder or Compression/DECompression) describes the integrated circuits, or chips that perform data conversion. In this context, the term is an acronym for “coder/decoder.” This type of codec combines analog-to-digital conversion and digital-to-analog conversion functions in a single chip. In personal and business computing applications, the most common use for such a device is in a modem.
113
Collaboration Functional Element
A Functional Element that provides for collaborative communications among agents, both within and between agencies.
114
COLT
(Cell On Light Truck) is an area mobile cell site on smaller box trucks and limited with respect to the cell phone network, as opposed to the fully functional COW (cell on wheels).
115
Common Trunk Group
A trunk group that carries calls that originates from more than one service type or more than one carrier.
aka Shared Trunk Group
116
Communications Assistant
A general term for person who voices text and types speech (IP Relay or TRS) or who interprets ASL conversation between callers (VRS). "Communications Assistant” supersedes the term “TDD operator”.
117
Conference Transfer
The capability to bridge a third party onto an existing call.
aka Three-Way Calling
118
Confidence
In terms of certainty, the mathematically derived statistical estimate indicates how sure the measuring system is that the wireless Phase 2 location data estimate is accurate, within the bounds defined by the Uncertainty value. This is expressed as a percentage, such as 90%, or 45% etc. The specific value is not representative of the accuracy of the PDE locating system.
119
Uncertainty
The mathematically derived statistical estimate, expressed in meters, indicating the size of the area used in the calculation of Confidence. The specific value IS NOT representative of the accuracy of the PDE locating system.
120
Congestion Control
A method of controlling traffic when there are insufficient resources to meet demand, for example, more requests for calls than there are trunks. It may be achieved by rejecting requests, and/or diverting calls.
121
Consensus Body
The group that approves the content of a standard and whose vote demonstrates evidence of consensus. The voting members of the Working Group are deemed to be the Consensus Body for purposes of the document review and approval process. Consensus is documented by a formal approval ballot.
122
COOP
(Continuity Of Operations Plan) is a plan to ensure that Primary Mission Essential Functions continue to be performed during a wide range of emergencies, including localized acts of nature, accidents and technological or attack-related emergencies.
123
CoS
(Class of Service) is a designation in E9‑1‑1 that defines the service category of the telephony service. A few examples are residential, business, Centrex, coin, PBX, VoIP and wireless Phase II (WPH2).
124
Fixed (Static)
VoIP Class of Service sold as not having nomadic capability. Refers to an IP end-point that cannot move, is always in same location and always accesses a network from the same point.
125
FX (Foreign Exchange) Service
A telephone line switched in an exchange or central office other than the exchange or central office area in which the telephone is located.
126
COW
(Cell On Wheels) is a mobile cell site that consists of a cellular antenna tower and electronic radio transceiver equipment on a truck or trailer, designed to be part of a cellular network typically on a temporary or short-term basis.
127
CPE
(Customer Premises Equipment) consists of communications or terminal equipment located in the customer’s facilities – Terminal equipment at a PSAP.
128
CRDB
(Coordinate Routing Database) is a database where cell site addresses are provisioned. The CRDB provides a translation between a given position expressed in X, Y coordinates, to an ESZ (Emergency Services Zone), by determining the ESZ in which the coordinates are located.
129
CRM
(Committee Resource Manager) is a NENA staff or contractor position who provides administrative support to the DSC volunteer leadership and to the Process Review Committee (PRC).
130
CRN
(Contingency Routing Number) is a 24x7 PSAP emergency number, or a routing number associated with a national or default call center.
131
CRTC
(Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission) supervises and regulates broadcasting and telecommunications systems in Canada.
132
CSRIC
(Communications Security, Reliability and Interoperability Council) is an advisory body of the FCC, formerly known as NRIC (Network Reliability and Interoperability Council), which provides recommendations to the FCC to ensure, among other things, optimal security and reliability of communications systems, including telecommunications, media, and public safety.
133
CTI
(Computer Telephone Integration) is integrating telephone function into a computing device.
134
CTIA
(Cellular Telephone Industry Association) is an association for the wireless industry.
135
CTX-IP
(Centrex-based Internet Protocol) is a Telco voice service that provides Internet protocol based private automatic branch exchange or PABX-like features on all lines used by a single customer; the switching equipment is located at the central office and is operated and maintained by the Telco.
136
DAS
(Distributed Antenna System) is a network used to distribute RF signals from a central hub to a specific area with poor coverage or inadequate capacity.
137
Data Domain
An enumerated listing or range of valid values that may be used as an attribute. If no Data Domain is provided, then any value that meets the format criteria may be used.
138
DBMS
(Data Base Management System) is a system of manual procedures and computer programs used to create, store, and update the data required to provide Selective Routing and/or Automatic Location Identification for E9‑1‑1 systems.
139
DBMSP
(Data Base Management System Provider) is an entity providing Selective Routing (SR) and/or Automatic Location Identification (ALI) data services.
140
DCE
(Data Communications Equipment) is the designation for RS-232 and EIA/TIA-574 serial communication devices such as modems. DCE (Data Communications Equipment) typically connects to DTE (Data Terminal Equipment).
140
DCE
(Data Communications Equipment) is the designation for RS-232 and EIA/TIA-574 serial communication devices such as modems. DCE (Data Communications Equipment) typically connects to DTE (Data Terminal Equipment).
141
Dedicated Trunk
A telephone circuit used for a single purpose; such as transmission of 9-1-1 calls.
142
Default Routing
The capability to route a 9‑1‑1 call to a designated (default) PSAP when the incoming 9‑1‑1 call cannot be selectively routed due to an ANI failure or other cause.
143
Default Route
The routing condition that occurs when a 9‑1‑1 call arrives at a switching or routing point with insufficient data to allow normal routing to the correct PSAP.
144
MSC (Mobile Switching Center) Default Route
The routing condition that occurs when:
a wireless 9-1-1 call arrives at an MSC with insufficient data to allow normal routing to the correct PSAP, or
all dedicated MSC to Selective Router trunks, primary and secondary routes, are out of service (i.e., trunk failure condition).
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MSC (Mobile Switching Center) Trunk Alternate Route
The routing condition that occurs when all trunks from the MSC to SR are out of service and calls need to be routed to the PSAP. The scenario represents an MSC to SR trunk failure condition versus an all trunks busy condition.
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Delegate Credential Authorities
An entity responsible for issuing certificates derived from Valid Emergency Services Authority (VESA) certification to the operators of network entities that utilize VESA certificates to exchange authenticated data on the i2-defined interfaces. Examples of delegate credential authorities may be PSAP operators, state emergency authorities, or regional 9‑1‑1 service providers.
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Demarcation Point
A mutually-defined boundary dividing one area of responsibility from another.
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Dereference
The act of exchanging a reference to an item by its value. For example, the dereference operation for location uses a protocol such as SIP or HELD to obtain a location value (PIDF-LO).
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DES
(Data Encryption Standard) is a common standard for data encryption and a form of secret key cryptography (SKC), which uses only one key for encryption and decryption. Public key cryptography (PKC) uses two keys (i.e., one for encryption and one for decryption).
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Development Committee
A committee in the NENA Development Group (NDG) established to address the complex operations and technology issues related to the provision and management of emergency communications services in specific topical areas.
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Diffserv
A quality of service mechanism for IP networks defined by the IETF.
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Direct and Equal Access
The ability to TTY calls without relying on an outside relay service or third-party services to communicate with individuals with hearing and speech disabilities regardless of how the communication originated.
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Direct Dispatch
The performance of 9‑1‑1 service wherein upon receipt of an emergency call, a PSAP telecommunicator transmits all relevant available information to the appropriate public safety personnel or emergency responders without delay, transfer, relay, or referral.
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Discrepancies
Used in NENA documentation, is a term used to describe records that do not match the associated database such as the MSAG database. Such discrepancies are referred to an error file or report for resolution.
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Dispatch System
Functional Element used to assign appropriate resources (emergency responders) to an incident, monitor the response and relay relevant information. Tracks and logs all transactions associated with the emergency response.
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Diverse Routing
The practice of routing circuits along different physical paths in order to prevent total loss of 9‑1‑1 service in the event of a facility failure.
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Diverted Call
Call that was rerouted due to the nominal destination’s unavailability or inability to accept. Calls may be diverted for conditions that are scheduled (e.g., maintenance, hours the PSAP is not staffed, etc.) or for events that cannot be scheduled (e.g., equipment or network failure, disasters, etc.)
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Call Diversion
The process that results in a diverted call.
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DMZ
(Demilitarized Zone), in computer networks, a physical or logical sub‑network separates an internal local area network (LAN) from other untrusted networks, usually the Internet.
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DNS
(Domain Name System) is a global, distributed, delegated database of records about domain names.
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DNSSEC
(Domain Name System Security Extensions) is a set of Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards created to address vulnerabilities in the Domain Name System (DNS) and protect it from online threats.
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DoS
(Denial of Service) is a type of cyber-attack intended to overwhelm the resources of the target PSAP and deny the ability of legitimate users of the target to use the the normal service the target provides.
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DDoS
(Distributed Denial of Service Attack), Denial of Service Attack
A form of DoS in which the attack source is more than one, often thousands of, unique IP addresses. A DDoS attack occurs when multiple systems flood the bandwidth or resources of a targeted system. Such an attack is often the result of multiple compromised systems (for example a botnet) flooding the targeted system with traffic.
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TDoS
(Telephone Denial of Service)
A form of DoS directed at a telephony interface that generates numerous phone calls, tying up the network and preventing the destination from receiving legitimate calls. Occasionally the "T" in TDoS may be shown as Telephone or Telecommunications.
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DR
(Discrepancy Report) is a function that exists in NG9‑1‑1 to notify agencies and services (including the BCF, ESRP, ECRF, Policy Store, and LVF) when any discrepancy in a database is found. The discrepancy reporting audience is anyone who is using the data and finds a problem.
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DSC
(Development Steering Council) is a steering and alignment body for the Development Committees. It is led by two Co-Chairs, one appointed from the “Private Sector” membership classification and one from the “Public Sector” membership classification. In addition to the Co-Chairs, the DSC consists of two Co-Chairs from each Development Committee, NENA Staff, and an Executive Board Liaison.
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DSCP
(Differentiated Services Code Point) is a means of classifying and managing network traffic and of providing quality of service (QoS) in modern Layer 3 IP networks. It uses the 6-bit Differentiated Services (DS) field in the IP header for the purpose of packet classification.
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DSig
(Digital Signature) is the XML syntax used to associate the cryptographic signature value with Web resources using XML markup.
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DSL
(Digital Subscriber Line) is a “last mile” solution that uses existing telephony infrastructure to deliver high speed broadband access. DSL standards are administered by the Broadband Forum
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DSLAM
(Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer) is a network device that delivers exceptionally high-speed data transmission over existing copper telephone lines. A DSLAM separates the voice-frequency signals from the high-speed data traffic and controls and routes digital subscriber line (xDSL) traffic between the subscriber’s end-user equipment (router, modem, or network interface card [NIC]) and the network service provider’s network.
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DTE
(Data Terminal Equipment) is the designation for RS-232 and EIA/TIA-574 serial terminal devices such as data terminals or PCs. Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) typically connects to Data Communications Equipment (DCE).
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DTLS
(Datagram Transport Layer Security) is a communications protocol that provides security for datagram-based applications by allowing them to communicate in a way designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, or message forgery.
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DTMF
(Dual Tone Multi-Frequency) is the transmission of a selected number or symbol (*, #) via the generation of a specific pair of tones when that number’s or symbol’s button on a push button telephone is pressed. The tones are audible and transmitted within the voice band.
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E-OTD
(Enhanced Observed Time Difference) is a standard for the location of mobile telephones. The location method works by multilateration. Conceptually, the handset makes an observation of the time difference of arrival of signals from two different base stations.
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E.164 number
An international numbering plan for public telephone systems in which each assigned number contains a country code (CC), a national destination code (NDC), and a subscriber number (SN). There can be up to 15 digits in an E.164 number. The E.164 plan was originally developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
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E2 Interface
An industry-standard interface (defined in J-STD-036) used between a Mobile Positioning Center (MPC/GMLC) and an ALI database server.
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E9-1-1
(Enhanced 9-1-1) is a telephone system which includes network switching, database and Public Safety Answering Point premise elements capable of providing automatic location identification data, selective routing, selective transfer, fixed transfer, and a call back number.
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EAB
(Education Advisory Board) is appointed by the NENA President, members of the EAB provide the NENA Board of Directors with committee support in defining and developing NENA’s educational mission.
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ECC
(Emergency Communications Center) is a facility designated to receive and process requests for emergency assistance, which may include 9‑1‑1 calls, determine the appropriate emergency response based on available resources, and coordinate the emergency response according to a specific operational policy.
Note: The term "ECC" does not have the same meaning as "PSAP."
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ECRF
(Emergency Call Routing Function) is a functional element in NGCS (Next Generation Core Services) which is a LoST (Location-to-Service Translation) protocol server where location information (either civic address or geo-coordinates) and a Service URN serve as input to a mapping function that returns a URI used to route an emergency call toward the appropriate PSAP for the caller’s location or towards a responder agency.
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ecrit
(Emergency Context Resolution with Internet Technologies) is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Working Group.
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EDXL
(Emergency Data eXchange Language) is a broad initiative to create an integrated framework for a wide range of emergency data exchange standards to support operations, logistics, planning and finance.
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EENA
(European Emergency Number Association) is a Brussels-based non-governmental organization set up in 1999 dedicated to promoting high-quality emergency services reached by the number 112 throughout the European Union.
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EIDO
(Emergency Incident Data Object) is a JSON-based (JavaScript Object Notation) object that shares emergency incident information between and among authorized entities and systems. NENA has adopted the JSON-based EIDO (Emergency Incident Data Object) for sharing incident information among authorized NG9-1-1 entities and systems.
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EIGRP
(Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) is a routing protocol that supports Ipv6 and may be used within regional ESInets.
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Element Identifier
A logical name used to represent physical implementation of a functional element or set of functional elements as a single addressable unit. The form of an element identifier is a hostname.
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ELIN
(Emergency Location Identification Number) is a valid North American Numbering Plan format telephone number, assigned to the MLTS Operator by the appropriate authority that is used to route the call to a PSAP and is used to retrieve the ALI for the PSAP. The ELIN may be the same number as the ANI. The North American Numbering Plan number may in some cases not be a dialable number.
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ELT
(English Language Translation) is an alphanumeric description of the primary Law Enforcement, Fire and Emergency Medical Service agencies associated with a given Emergency Services Zone/Number. The ELT includes the name of the first-responder agency, and may include their station number (for dispatch purposes) and telephone number.
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EMS
(Emergency Medical Service) is a service providing out-of-hospital acute care and transport to definitive care, to patients with illnesses and injuries which the patient believes constitute a medical emergency.
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ENP
(Emergency Number Professional) is a certification that establishes the comprehensive body of knowledge for Emergency Number Professionals. Promotes a standard of competence for Emergency Number Professionals that will be recognized and accepted by the 9-1-1 profession, government agencies, the business community, and the general public. Ensures an awareness of current issues and developments in the 9-1-1 profession. Provides a formal recognition of individuals for professional achievement. Encourages professional growth and enhances the self-esteem of Emergency Number Professionals.
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ENS
(Emergency Notification Systems) is a general category for any systems used to notify persons or devices of an emergency. May include changeable message signs, sirens, telephone and other media.
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LAENS
(Large Area Emergency Notification System)
A communications system used by a public safety agency to notify people in a large area about an emergency condition.
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WAENS
(Wide Area Emergency Notification System)
A communications system designed to deliver information (action or knowledge related) regarding a public safety, public service or emergency management event. Message recipients may include first responder staff from multiple jurisdictions, residents living in a small segment of a neighborhood/community or an entire county, motorists traveling on freeways or major thoroughfares or, quite simply, almost anyone anywhere.
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Enterprise Network
A large network connecting major points in a company or other organizations not part of the public telecommunications infrastructure.
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Enumeration
A type of data element whose value is one of a specified set of labels or names. For example, one could have an enumeration whose possible values are selected from the set “Online”, “Offline”, and “Maintenance”.
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EOC
(Emergency Operations Center) is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out the principles of emergency preparedness and emergency management, or disaster management functions at a strategic level during an emergency, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company, political subdivision or other organization.
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EPSG
(European Petroleum Survey Group) is a group formed in 1986 comprised of specialist surveyors, geodesists and cartographers from Oil Companies based in Europe and having international operations, which maintains and publishes a data set of parameters for coordinate reference system and coordinate transformation description.
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ERDB
(Emergency Routing Database) is a database containing routing information associated with each Emergency Service Zone (ESZ) in a serving area. It supports the boundary definitions for ESZs and the mapping of civic address or geo-spatial coordinate location information to a particular ESZ.
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ES Trunks
(Emergency Service) Trunks are message trunks capable of providing ANI, connecting the serving central office of the 9‑1‑1 calling party and the designated E9‑1‑1 Control Office.
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ESCO
(Emergency Service Central Office Number) is the information delivered to the PSAP when there is an ANI failure between the end office and the 9‑1‑1 Control Office. When ANI is not available, the 9‑1‑1 call is default routed and the ANI display at the PSAP will be “911-0TTT” (or 911-TTTT) with TTT identifying the incoming trunk group.
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ESGW
(Emergency Services Gateway) is the signaling and media interworking point between the IP domain and conventional trunks to the E9‑1‑1 SR that use either Multi-Frequency (MF) or Signaling System #7 (SS7) signaling. The ESGW uses the routing information provided in the received call setup signaling to select the appropriate trunk (group) and proceeds to signal call setup toward the SR using the ESQK (Emergency Services Query Key) to represent the Calling Party Number/Automatic Number Identification (ANI) information.
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ESIF
(Emergency Services Interconnection Forum) is an open, technical/operational forum, under the auspices of the Alliance For Telecommunications Industry Solutions, with the voluntary participation of interested parties to identify and resolve recognized 9‑1‑1 interconnection issues.
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ESInet
(Emergency Services IP Network) is a managed IP network that is used for emergency services communications and which can be shared by all public safety agencies. It provides the IP transport infrastructure upon which independent application platforms and core services can be deployed, including, but not restricted to, those necessary for providing NG9‑1‑1 services. ESInets may be constructed from a mix of dedicated and shared facilities. ESInets may be interconnected at local, regional, state, federal, national and international levels to form an IP-based internetwork (network of networks). The term ESInet designates the network, not the services that ride on the network.
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ESME
(Emergency Services Message Entity) routes and processes the out-of-band messages related to emergency calls. This may be incorporated into selective routers (also known as Routing, Bridging and Transfer switches) and Automatic Location Identification (ALI) database engines.
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ESN
(Electronic Serial Number) is a unique code created to identify mobile devices.
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ESN
(Emergency Service Number) a 3-5 digit number represents one or more ESZs (Emergency Service Zone), stored as a 3-5 character numeric string in a GIS database. An ESN is defined as one of two types: Administrative ESN and Routing ESN.
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ESNE
(Emergency Services Network Entity/Element) is a network element of TIA/EIA/J-STD-036. The ESNE routes and processes the voice band portion of the emergency call. This is composed of selective routers (also known as Routing, Bridging and Transfer switches).
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ESP
(Emergency Service Protocol) is a telecommunications protocol defined by J-STD-036 for the exchange of data through the E2 interface.
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ESQK
(Emergency Services Query Key) identifies a call instance at a VPC, and is associated with a particular SR/ESN combination. The ESQK is a non-dialable North American Numbering Plan (NANP) number in the format of NPA-NXX-XXXX. They are currently being allocated from NPA-211-XXXX and NPA-511-XXXX number sets.
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ESRD
(Emergency Services Routing Digit) is a 10-digit North American Numbering Plan number that uniquely identifies a base station, cell site, or sector that is used to route wireless emergency calls through the network.
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ESRK
(Emergency Services Routing Key) is a 10-digit North American Numbering Plan number that uniquely identifies a wireless emergency call, is used to route the call through the network, and used to retrieve the associated ALI data.
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ESRN
(Emergency Services Routing Number) is used by the Call Server/Routing Proxy to route an emergency call to the correct ESGW, and by the ESGW to select the desired path to the appropriate SR for the call.
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ESRP
(Emergency Service Routing Proxy) is an i3 functional element which is a SIP proxy server that selects the next-hop routing within the ESInet based on location and policy. There is an ESRP on the edge of the ESInet. There is usually an ESRP at the entrance to an NG9‑1‑1 PSAP. There may be one or more intermediate ESRPs between them.
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ESS
(External Switching Systems) are the administrative, non-emergency communications systems within the PSAP that serve as external switching systems for telephony and other administrative communications (voice mail, email, instant messaging, etc.). The ESS equipment might be represented by a traditional PBX or other communications gateway.
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ESZ
(Emergency Service Zone) is a geographical area that represents a unique combination of emergency service agencies (e.g., Law Enforcement, Fire, and Emergency Medical Service) that is within a specified 9‑1‑1 governing authority’s jurisdiction. An ESZ can be represented by an Emergency Service Number (ESN) to identify the ESZ.
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ETNS
(Emergency Telephone Notification Systems) is a specific category for a system that uses the telephone – in conjunction with other elements – including computer based hardware and software to notify persons of an emergency.
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ETSI
(European Telecommunications Standards Institute) is a leading European Standards Organization (ESO) for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) standards fulfilling European and global market needs dealing with telecommunications, broadcasting and other electronic communications networks and services.
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EUMI
(End User Move Indicator) is a field in the Local Service Request (LSR) form that indicates the end user (subscriber) is changing Service Address during the porting process.
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EVRC
(Enhanced Variable Rate Codec) Narrowband is a speech codec developed to offer mobile carriers more network capacity while not increasing bandwidth requirements.
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EVRC-WB
(Enhanced Variable Rate Codec-Wideband) is a speech codec providing enhanced (wideband) voice quality.
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Exchange
A defined area, served by one or more telephone central offices, within which a Local Exchange Carrier furnishes service.
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FAC
(Facility (SS7 message)) is a message sent in either direction at any phase of the call to request an action at another exchange.
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Failed Migrate Record
A Function of Change (M) migrate transaction record sent to the E9‑1‑1 DBMS by the Recipient Company which fails to process because the DBMS E9‑1‑1 record is still locked.
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Fast Busy
Indicates the tones a caller would hear if the call could not be completed because of the lack of network resources. In NG9‑1‑1 the functional equivalent is “600 Busy Everywhere”
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Fast Busy Tone/Recorder Tone
An audible tone of 120 interrupts per minute (IPM) returned to the calling party to indicate the call cannot be processed through the network.
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FBCA
(Federal Bridge Certification Authority) is a PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) Bridge or link between the Federal Common Policy Certification Authority and other Certificate Authorities that comprise the Federal PKI network and that may operate under comparable but different certificate policies.
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FCC
(Federal Communications Commission) is an independent U.S. government agency overseen by Congress, the commission is the United States' primary authority for communications law, regulation and technological innovation. The FCC regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite and cable in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and U.S. territories.
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FCC PSAP Registry
(Federal Communications Commission Public Safety Answering Point registry) is a listing of PSAPs with an FCC-assigned identification number, PSAP Name, State, County, City, and provides information on any type of record change and the reason for updating the record. The Commission updates the Registry periodically as it receives additional information.
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FCI
(Feature Code Indicator) is information sent in either direction to invoke a specific feature operation at the terminating or originating switch.
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FE
(Functional Element) is an abstract building block that consists of a set of interfaces and operations on those interfaces to accomplish a task. Mapping between functional elements and physical implementations may be one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-one.
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Femtocell
A residential or business customer small cell that generally has a radius range of approximately 10 meters (or approximately 33 feet), that generally requires the customer to have a wired broadband connection in order for the wireless carrier to activate and register the small cell for use and connect the call to the mobile switching center, and that enables the customer to move the small cell and re-register the small cell.
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FGD
(Feature Group D) is an MF signaling protocol, originally developed to support equal access to long distance services, capable of carrying one or two ten-digit telephone numbers.
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FGDC
(Federal Geographic Data Committee) is an interagency coordinating body responsible for facilitating cooperation among federal agencies whose missions include producing and using geospatial data.
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FIPS
(Federal Information Processing Standards) is a standard for adoption and use by Federal departments and agencies that has been developed within the Information Technology Laboratory and published by NIST, a part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. FIPS are a set of standards that describe document processing, encryption algorithms and other information technology standards for use within non-military government agencies and by government contractors and vendors who work with the agencies.
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First Responder
Someone designated by a public safety agency that is charged with responding to emergency service requests, including emergency communications professionals, police, fire and EMS personnel who operate in the field.
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FirstNet
(First Responder Network Authority) is a nationwide wireless broadband network for first responders being built and deployed through a first-of-its-kind public-private partnership between the federal government and AT&T. FirstNet offers public safety a communications network built and customized to meet their needs. The First Responder Network Authority is the federal entity overseeing the creation and delivery of the FirstNet network. Housed within the Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, the agency’s role is to ensure AT&T delivers on the terms of its contract and creates a network that meets public safety needs now and in the future.
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Fixed Transfer
A service that allows an established 9-1-1 call to be transferred by the PSAP attendant to another PSAP destination (e.g., fire department A). By the operation of a transfer key or a speed dial code, fixed transfer uses the Speed Calling feature of the E9-1-1 tandem office. E9-1-1 calls can also be transferred to non-PSAP locations (e.g., Poison Control Centers). Fixed transfer provides for call transfer to any limited number of destinations. The PSAP attendant determines the desired destination and operates the particular key associated with that destination.
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FOC
(Function of Change) is an identifier to indicate the type of activity and/or type of processing that the data record is being submitted for.
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Forced Disconnect
An inherent capability of E9-1-1 service that prevents a calling station which remains off-hook from indefinitely holding the connection to a PSAP. It allows a PSAP attendant to release a 9-1-1 call connection even though the calling party has not hung up, thereby preventing a tie-up of dedicated 9-1-1 facilities.
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Forest Guide
A special instance of a LoST server. It is part of the LoST (Location-to-Service Translation) Protocol (RFC 5222) query process and allows client functional elements to discover call routing information outside of its domain (typically their ESInet or state level ECRF/LVF).
TL;DR allows map sharing from one agency to another regardless of location. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cubzVkSwu9o
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FQDN
(Fully Qualified Domain Name) is the complete domain name for a specific computer, or host, on the Internet. It consists of two parts: the hostname and the domain name.
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FRA
(Federal Railroad Administration) was created by the Department of Transportation Act of 1966, it is one of ten agencies within the U.S. Department of Transportation concerned with intermodal transportation. The FRA’s mission is to enable the safe, reliable, and efficient movement of people and goods for a strong America, now and in the future.
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FRC
(Field Responder Client) is a device or software installed on a device such as computer, tablet or smartphone used by field responders to access public safety systems, such as to receive dispatch instructions or perform database lookups. FRCs are often colloquially referred to as "MDT" or "Mobile Data Terminal."
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FTTP
(Fiber to the Premise) is a description of a fiber optic connection between a location and the service provider.
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g.711
An ITU-T recommendation for an audio codec for telephony.
g.711 mu-law, g.711 u-law - A recommendation for the North American region.
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Gateway
A piece of networking hardware used in telecommunications for telecommunications networks that allows data to flow from one discrete network to another. Gateways are distinct from routers or switches in that they communicate using more than one protocol to connect multiple networks and can operate at any of the seven layers of the open systems interconnection model (OSI).
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GCS
(Geocode Service) is an NG9‑1‑1 service providing geocoding and reverse-geocoding.
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GDP
(Generic Digits Parameter) identifies the type of address to be presented in calls set up or additional numeric data relevant to supplementary services such as LNP or E9‑1‑1.
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Geocoding
Interpolation-based computational techniques to derive estimates of geographic locations.
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Reverse Geocoding
Conversion of geographic coordinates to find a description of a location, typically a civic address or place name.
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geopriv
(Geographic Location/Privacy) is the name of an IETF work group, now dormant that created location representation formats such as PIDF-LO and protocols for transporting them, such as HELD used in NG9‑1‑1.
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GeoRSS
(Geodetic Really Simple Syndication) is a simple mechanism used to encode GML in RSS feeds for use with the ATOM protocol.
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geoShape Element
One of a list of shapes defined originally by the IETF and standardized by the Open Geospatial Consortium that can be found in a PIDF-LO. Includes point, circle, ellipse, arc band, polygon, and 3D versions of same.
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Geospatial Call Routing
The use of an ECRF (Emergency Call Routing Function) and GIS (Geographic Information System) data to route an emergency call to the appropriate PSAP or emergency service provider based on the civic location or geographic coordinates provided with the call.
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GETS
(Government Emergency Telecommunications Service) supports national leadership; federal, state, local, tribal and territorial governments; first responders; and other authorized national security and emergency preparedness (NS/EP) users. It is intended to be used in an emergency or crisis situation when the landline network is congested and the probability of completing a normal call is reduced.
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GIS
(Geographic Information System) is a system for capturing, storing, displaying, analyzing, and managing data and associated attributes which are spatially referenced.
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GML
(Geography Markup Language) is an XML grammar for expressing geographical features standardized by the OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium).
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GMLC/MLC
(Gateway Mobile Location Center) is the point of interface between the GSM wireless network and the Emergency Services Network. The GMLC retrieves, forwards, stores and controls position data associated with wireless callers. This includes the processing of location requests and updates (rebids).
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GNIS
(Geographic Names Information System) was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Board on Geographic Names, contains information about physical and cultural geographic features in the United States and associated areas, both current and historical (not including roads and highways). The database holds the Federally recognized name of each feature and defines the location of the feature by state, county, USGS topographic map, and geographic coordinates.
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GoS
(Grade of Service) is the probability of a call in a circuit group being blocked or delayed for more than a specified interval, expressed as a vulgar fraction or decimal fraction. This is always with reference to the busy hour when the traffic intensity is the greatest.
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GPS
(Global Positioning System) is a space-based navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.
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GRUU
(Globally Routable User agent URI) is a SIP URI which identifies a specific endpoint where a user is signed on that is routable on the Internet.
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GSM
(Global Standard for Mobile Communications) is an international standard digital radio interface utilized by some North American wireless carriers.
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H.264/MPEG-4
An ITU-T Recommendation and Motion Picture Expert Group standard for a video codec.
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Hard of Hearing
Refers to those who have some hearing, are able to use it for communication purposes, and are reasonably comfortable doing so. A hard-of-hearing person, in audiological terms, may have mild to moderate hearing loss.
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HCO
(Hearing Carry Over) is a method which utilizes both voice and text communications on the same call, allowing a person who has a speech disability to listen to the other party’s conversation and respond by typing via a TTY or other means of text communications.
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HELD
(HTTP Enabled Location Delivery) is a protocol that can be used to acquire Location Information (LI) from a LIS (Location Information Server) within an access network as defined in IETF RFC 5985.
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HIPAA
(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) is a federal law that amended the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to improve portability and continuity of health insurance coverage in group and individual markets, to combat waste, fraud, and abuse in health insurance and health care delivery, to promote the use of medical savings accounts, to improve access to long-term care services and coverage, to simplify the administration of health insurance, and for other purposes.
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HMI
(Human Machine Interface) is the means through which a person interacts with an automated system/machine. A vehicle or an installation is sometimes referred to as the human-machine interface.
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GUI
(Graphical User Interface)
A form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and audio indicators such as primary notation instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels, or text navigation.
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Host
A computer or other device connected to a computer network. A host may work as a server offering information resources, services, and applications to users or other hosts on the network. Hosts are assigned at least one network address.
Related Term: Hosting
The provision of services to one or more remote sites. Rather than install complete systems in multiple sites, the control equipment may be located in a central site and shared across several remote sites.
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HTRA
(Human Trafficking Rescue Alliance) is a Texas alliance that is a collaboration of local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies working together with area social service organizations. Since its inception, membership has grown, becoming recognized as a national model for its partnerships and effectiveness in identifying and assisting the victims of human trafficking and effectively identifying, apprehending, and prosecuting those engaged in trafficking offenses.
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HTTP/HTTPS
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is typically used between a web client and a web server that transports HTML and/or XML.
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
HTTP with secure transport (Transport Layer Security or its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer).
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Human Trafficking
Includes all acts involved in the transport, harboring, or sale of persons within national or across international borders through coercion, kidnapping, deception, or fraud for the purpose of placing persons in situations of forced labor or services such as domestic servitude, factor or agricultural work; or
Sex trafficking in any commercial sex act induced by force, fraud, or coercion. It is always considered a severe form of trafficking if the person induced to perform the sexual act is under the age of majority, regardless of whether the elements of force, fraud, or coercion are involved.
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i3
“i3” refers to the NG9-1-1 system architecture defined by NENA, which standardizes the structure and design of Functional Elements making up the set of software services, databases, network elements and interfaces needed to process multi-media emergency calls and data for NG9-1-1.
276
IANA
(Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) is the departmental entity within ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) that oversees coordination of global IP address allocation, DNS root zone management, protocol name and number registries, and other Internet protocol assignments.
277
IANA Registry
A place where globally coordinated account records reflecting internet codes and numbers used in technical standards are centrally maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, usually at the behest of the IETF.
278
IBCF
(Interconnection Border Control Function) provides application-specific functions at the SIP/Session Description Protocol layer in order to perform interconnection between two operator domains.
279
ICANN
(Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) is the organization serving as the steward and operator of the IANA functions that maintains public domain addresses and URLs, including related policies and databases.
280
ICE
(Industry Collaboration Event) is a NENA testing event that brings together vendors in an open, supportive, and collaborative environment that foster a spirit of technical cooperation with a goal of accomplishing standards-based NG9-1-1.
281
ICS
(Incident Command System) is a standardized on-scene incident management concept designed specifically to allow responders to adopt an integrated organizational structure equal to the complexity and demands of any single incident or multiple incidents without being hindered by jurisdictional boundaries.
282
IDX
(Incident Data eXchange) is a Functional Element that facilitates the exchange of Emergency Incident Data Objects (EIDOs) among other Functional Elements both within and external to an agency. (Previously called “IDE”.)
283
IEPD
(Information Exchange Package Document) is a NIEM exchange specification that is a collection of mutually supportive artifacts (including XML schema) that define the content of a specific information exchange.
284
IETF
(Internet Engineering Task Force) is the lead standard-setting authority for Internet protocols.
285
IESG
(Internet Engineering Steering Group)
A body composed of the Internet Engineering Task Force Chair and Area Directors responsible for final approval of specifications designated as Internet standards.
286
IJIS
(Integrated Justice Information Systems Institute) is a nonprofit corporation representing industry’s leading companies who collaborate with local, state, tribal, and federal agencies to provide technical assistance, training, and support services for information exchange and technology initiatives.
287
IM
(Instant Messaging) is a method of communication, generally using text, in which more than a character at a time is sent between parties nearly instantaneously.
288
IMEI
(International Mobile Equipment Identity) is a 15- or 17-digit code that uniquely identifies mobile phone sets. The IMEI code can enable a GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) or UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service) network to prevent a misplaced or stolen phone from initiating calls.
289
IMR
(Interactive Media Response) is an automated service used to play announcements, record responses, and interact with callers using any or all of audio, video, and text.
290
IVR
(Interactive Voice Response) is a technology that allows a computer to interact with humans where a person can hear a computer-generated voice and respond by speaking or generating DTMF tones on a keypad.
291
IMSI
(International Mobile Station Identity) is a unique number, usually fifteen digits, associated with GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) network mobile phone users. The IMSI is a unique number identifying a GSM subscriber.
292
IN
(Intelligent Network) is the standard network architecture specified in the ITU-T Q.1200 series recommendations. It is intended for fixed as well as mobile telecom networks. It allows operators to differentiate themselves by providing value-added services in addition to the standard telecom services such as PSTN, ISDN and GSM services on mobile phones.
293
Incident
A real-world occurrence, or event, for which one or more calls may be received.
294
Incident Tracking Identifier
An identifier assigned by the first element in the first ESInet that handles an emergency call or declares an incident. Incident Tracking Identifiers are globally unique.
295
INCITS
(International Committee for Information Technology Standards) is a U.S.-based Standards Development Organization dedicated to the creation of information technology standards.
296
INF
(NENA Information Document) is a document published to distribute information on a particular subject to the public safety community. Information documents may contain background information, best practices, check lists, and other material representing the collective knowledge and experiences of the NENA community.
297
Inter-local Services Agreement
An agreement among governmental jurisdictions, privately-owned systems, or both, within a specified area to share 9‑1‑1 system costs, maintenance responsibilities, and other considerations.
298
Inter-tandem Transfer
The capability of transferring a call over the 9‑1‑1 network from a PSAP served by one 9‑1‑1 tandem to a PSAP served by a different 9‑1‑1 tandem.
299
Interoperability
The capability for disparate systems to communicate with one another.
300
IoT
(Internet of Things) devices are capable of communication using Internet protocols.
301
IP
(Internet Protocol) is the method by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet or other networks.
302
IP (Internet Protocol) Access Network
The network in which the first IP address is assigned to an end-point. For residential networks, creating and supplying an access network may require the cooperation of several providers.
303
IP Relay Service (Internet Protocol Relay Service)
A call center service similar to VRS (Video Relay Service) that provides a third-party communications relay between Internet texting users (mobile or stationary) and voice telephone users.
304
IPAWS
(Integrated Public Alert Warning System) is a modernization and integration of the nation’s alert and warning infrastructure, Federal, State, local, tribal and territorial alerting authorities can use IPAWS and integrate local systems that use Common Alerting Protocol standards with the IPAWS infrastructure. IPAWS provides public safety officials with an effective way to alert and warn the public about serious emergencies using the Emergency Alert System (EAS), Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Weather Radio, and other public alerting systems from a single interface.
305
IPBX or IP PBX
(Internet Protocol Private Branch Exchange) is a private branch exchange (telephone switching system within an enterprise) that switches calls between VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol or IP) users on local lines while allowing all users to share a certain number of external phone lines. The typical IP PBX can also switch calls between a VoIP user and a traditional telephone user, or between two traditional telephone users in the same way that a conventional PBX does. The abbreviation may appear in various texts as IP-PBX, IP/PBX, or IPPBX.
306
IPR
(Intellectual Property Rights) is a category of legal rights that includes patents, published and unpublished patent applications, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secret rights, as well as any intellectual property right resembling a member of the foregoing list as such right may exist in a particular jurisdiction.
307
IPSec
(Internet Protocol Security) is the next-generation network layer crypto platform which can be found on routers, firewalls, and client desktops, particularly in virtual private networks. It is a framework for a set of security protocols at the network or packet processing layer of network communication.
308
IPv4
(Internet Protocol Version 4) is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol; uses 32-bit addresses.
309
IPv6
(Internet Protocol Version 6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol; uses 128-bit addresses.
310
IRIG
(Inter-Range Instrumentation Group), in 1959, proposed a series of time code formats now known as IRIG or NASA time codes.
The best known IRIG standard is the IRIG timecode used to timestamp video, film, telemetry, radar, and other data collected at test ranges.
311
IRR
(Instant Recall Recorder) records audio from telephone and radio allowing users to play back conversations on demand.
312
ISCM
(Information Security Continuous Monitoring), developed by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), provides detailed guidance on implementing a risk management framework and a detailed control set for federal agencies to adopt to establish a continuous monitoring plan.
313
ISDN
(Integrated Services Digital Network) is an international standard for a public communication network to handle circuit-switched digital voice, circuit-switched data, and packet-switched data.
314
ISF
(Issue Submission & Charter Form) is the form used to submit ideas to the Development Steering Council for possible assignment to a Development Committee.
315
ISO
(International Standards Organization) is an independent, non-governmental international organization of national standards bodies.
316
ISSI
(Inter-RF Sub System Interface) is a radio over IP communications protocol defined in Telecommunications Industry Association standard used to support services and functions between Radio Frequency Subsystems.
317
iTRS
(Internet Telecommunications Relay Service) is a generic acronym for all Internet based forms of TRS; refers to a telecommunications relay service (TRS) in which an individual with a hearing or a speech disability connects to a TRS communications assistant using an Internet Protocol-enabled device via the Internet, rather than the public switched telephone network. Internet-based TRS does not include the use of a text telephone (TTY) over an interconnected voice over Internet Protocol service.
318
ITS
(Intelligent Transportation System) is an advanced application which aims to provide innovative services relating to different modes of transport and traffic management and enable users to be better informed and make safer, more coordinated, and 'smarter' use of transport networks. It improves transportation safety and mobility and enhances American productivity by integrating advanced communication technologies into vehicles and infrastructure.
319
ITU
(International Telecommunication Union) is the telecommunications agency of the United Nations established to provide worldwide standard communications practices and procedures.
320
Jitter
Packets arriving at a non-consistent rate due to a type of distortion caused by the variation of a signal from its reference that can cause data transmission errors, particularly at high speeds.
321
KP
(Key Pulse) is an MF signaling tone (digit)
322
L2TP
(Layer-2 Tunneling Protocol) allows Point to Point Protocol (PPP) sessions to be tunneled over IP and ATM networks.
323
LAN
(Local Area Network) is a transmission network encompassing a limited area, such as a single building or several buildings in close proximity.
324
Landline
A colloquial term for the Public Switched Telephone Network access via an actual copper or fiber optic transmission line that travels underground or on telephone poles. Used to differentiate the "wireless" connectivity of a cellular or PCS system.
325
LATA
(Local Access and Transport Area) is the geographical area within which a local telephone company offers telecommunications services.
326
LDB
(Location Database) is a server that retains all of the current information, functionality, and interfaces of today’s ALI and can utilize the new protocols required in an NG9‑1‑1 deployment.
327
LEC
(Local Exchange Carrier) is a Telecommunications Carrier (TC) under the state/local Public Utilities Act that provides local exchange telecommunications services.
328
ILEC
(Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier)
A telephone company that had the initial telephone company franchise in an area.
329
CLEC
(Competitive Local Exchange Carrier)
A local exchange carrier that competes with other established carriers and provides exchange access services.
330
LEO
(Law Enforcement Online) is a secure, Internet-based information sharing system for agencies around the world that are involved in law enforcement, first response, criminal justice, anti-terrorism, and intelligence. With LEO, members can access or share sensitive but unclassified information anytime and anywhere.
331
LERG
(Local Exchange Routing Guide) is a database which defines inter-exchange call routing in the North American Public Switched Telephone Network. It associates NPA/NXX's with their appropriate network elements.
332
LIF
(Location Interwork Function) is the functional component of a Legacy Network Gateway which is responsible for taking the appropriate information from the incoming signaling (i.e., calling number/ANI, ESRK, cell site/sector) and using it to acquire location information that can be used to route the emergency call and to provide location information to the PSAP. In a Legacy PSAP Gateway, this functional component takes the information from an ALI query and uses it to obtain location from a LIS.
333
LIFELINE
(National Suicide Prevention Lifeline) is a national network of local crisis centers that provides free and confidential emotional support to people in suicidal crisis or emotional distress 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
334
LIS
(Location Information Server) is a functional element that provides locations of endpoints. A LIS can provide Location-by-Reference, or Location-by-Value, and, if the latter, in geodetic or civic forms. A LIS can be queried by an endpoint for its own location, or by another entity for the location of an endpoint. In either case, the LIS receives a unique identifier that represents the endpoint, for example an IP address, circuit-ID, or Media Access Control (MAC) address, and returns the location (value or reference) associated with that identifier. The LIS is also the entity that provides the dereferencing service, exchanging a location reference for a location value.
335
LNG
(Legacy Network Gateway) is an NG9-1-1 Functional Element that provides an interface between a non-IP originating network and a Next Generation Core Services (NGCS) enabled network.
336
LO (Location Object)
In an emergency calling environment, the LO (Location Object) is used to refer to the current position of an endpoint that originates an emergency call. The LO is expected to be formatted as a Presence Information Data Format – Location Object (PIDF-LO) as defined by the IETF in RFC 4119, updated by RFC 5139, RFC 5491, RFC 7459, and extended by RFC 6848.
The LO may be:
Geodetic – shape, latitude(s), longitude(s), elevation, uncertainty, confidence and the datum which identifies the coordinate system used. NENA prescribes that geodetic location information will be formatted using the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) datum;
Civic location – a set of elements describing detailed street address information. For NG9-1-1 in the U.S., the civic LO must conform to NENA Next Generation 9-1-1 (NG9-1-1) United States Civic Location Data Exchange Format (CLDXF) Standard (NENA-STA-004);
Or a combination thereof.
337
Associated Location
A location (civic, geodetic, or polygon) within the designated PSAP jurisdiction that may be used in wireless call scenarios to route the call toward the designated PSAP.
338
Routable Location
In NG9‑1‑1, a PIDF-LO, represented as a civic location or geodetic location that contains enough detail for accurately routing a call to a PSAP serving the location.
339
Dispatchable Location
NENA: A location determined by a telecommunicator that is derived from an ALI Response (in E9‑1‑1) or derived from a PIDF-LO (in NG9‑1‑1) represented as a civic location or geodetic location and sometimes modified after communication with a caller that contains enough detail for accurately dispatching emergency responders to a location.
FCC Fourth Report & Order: A location delivered to the PSAP with a 9‑1‑1 call that consists of the street address of the calling party, plus additional information such as suite, apartment or similar information necessary to adequately identify the location of the calling party.
340
Caller Location
A location provided in an ALI Response (in E9‑1‑1) or a PIDF-LO (in NG9‑1‑1), represented as a civic location or geodetic location, that identifies the location of the caller. In NG9‑1‑1, this is often the same as the routable location but may change during a 9‑1‑1 call.
341
Civic Location
A location that represents a physical street address, landmark name, etc.
342
Geodetic Location
A location that represents a geographic object such as a point, circle, arc-band or polygon.
343
Emergency Response Location (ERL)
A location to which a 9‑1‑1 emergency response team may be dispatched. The location should be specific enough to provide a reasonable opportunity for the emergency response team to quickly locate a caller anywhere within it.
344
Registered Caller Civic Location
The civic address of the caller that is the result of registration by the customer or provisioning by the carrier.
345
Location Acquisition
Refers to the way in which a network determined location is provided to the network entity responsible for inserting the location information into the context of an emergency call. Location information may be pushed to the network entity by the LIS, or pulled by the network entity from the LIS. The network entity may be the target, or it may be some other routing node such as a proxy or call-server.
346
Location By-Reference
An identifier that when referenced in the correct manner by an authenticated and authorized entity will yield the location of an IP end-point. An example of a location reference is a URI.
347
Location By-Value
A PIDF-LO containing the location of an IP end-point that can be attributed to a specific point in time in the context of location information to support IP-based emergency services.
348
Location Conveyance
Refers to the act of transporting location information with an emergency call.
349
Location Estimate
In the context of location information to support IP based emergency services, is the approximate physical position of an IP end-point expressed in either civic or geodetic form usually accompanied by a degree of uncertainty. The degree of uncertainty may be expressed by a reduction in precision. For civic locations this equates to the number of fields specified while for geodetic locations it equates to the definition of an area or volume specified as a shape.
350
Location Sanity Check Mechanism
An automatic verification process that once a non-wireless handset device is connected to AC power source for use enables the wireless network to verify whether the customer is at the Registered Caller Civic Location.
351
Location URI
(Uniform Resource Identifier) is a URI which, when dereferenced, yields a location value in the form of a PIDF-LO. Location-by-reference in NG9‑1‑1 is represented by a Location URI.
352
Location-aware
In the context of location information to support IP-based emergency services, Location-aware is used to describe IP endpoint devices that are location-capable and that have acquired location information, either with network assistance or by self-determination.
353
Location-capable
Used to describe IP devices that are capable of requesting, acquiring, and storing location information as well as including this information in a PIDF-LO when originating an emergency call.
354
Location-incapable
Used to describe IP devices that are not capable of requesting, acquiring, or storing location information. This includes most current IP devices.
355
Location-unaware
Used to describe IP devices that are location-capable but that have not been able to successfully acquire location information, either with network assistance or by self-determination.
356
LogEvent
A standardized JSON object containing information about a processing event that is stored in and retrieved from the Logging Service.
357
Logging Recorder
A device that records, stores and is capable of playing back all communication media within the domain to which it is assigned. Media can include, but is not limited to voice, radio, text and network elements involved with routing a 9‑1‑1 call. Logging recorders should have the capability to simultaneously record from several sources.
358
Logical Demarcation
A mutually-defined boundary dividing one area of responsibility for managing NG9‑1‑1 functional elements from another. The interfaces for these functional elements include the interfaces for intangible assets, such as data stores and applications.
359
Login
The process of identifying and authenticating oneself to a computer, ACD or E9‑1‑1 attendant position system.
360
Loopback
A type of diagnostic test in which a transmitted signal is returned to the transmitting device and then compared to the original signal.
361
LoST Protocol
(Location-to-Service Translation) Protocol is a protocol that takes location information and a Service URN and returns a URI. Used generally for location-based call routing. In NG9‑1‑1, used as the protocol for the ECRF and LVF.
362
LPG
(Legacy PSAP Gateway) is a signaling and media interconnection point between an ESInet and a legacy PSAP. It plays a role in the delivery of emergency calls that traverse an i3 ESInet to get to a legacy PSAP, as well as in the transfer and alternate routing of emergency calls between legacy PSAPs and NG9‑1‑1 PSAPs. The Legacy PSAP Gateway supports an IP (i.e., SIP) interface towards the ESInet on one side, and a traditional MF or Enhanced MF interface (comparable to the interface between a traditional Selective Router and a legacy PSAP) on the other.
363
LQF
(Location Query Function) uses a dereferencing protocol (SIP or HTTP) to exchange a location reference (LbyR) for location information (LbyV).
364
LRO
(Last Routing Option) is sent by the VPC to the Call Server/Routing Proxy and provides the Call Server/Routing Proxy with a “last chance” destination for the call.
365
LSR
(Local Service Request) is an industry-standard form sent to the existing (or "old") provider by a provider upon receiving a request to port a telephone number from a new customer.
366
LSRG
(Legacy Selective Router Gateway) provides an interface between a 9‑1‑1 Selective Router and an ESInet, enabling calls to be routed and/or transferred between Legacy and NG networks. A tool for the transition process from Legacy 9‑1‑1 to NG9‑1‑1.
367
LSSGR
(LATA Switching Systems Generic Requirements) are a set of Telcordia (formerly Bellcore) specifications defining the requirements of LATA (Local Access and Transport Area) switching systems.
368
LTE
(Long Term Evolution) is a standard for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
369
LVF
(Location Validation Function) is a functional element in an NGCS (Next Generation 9-1-1 Core Services) that is a LoST protocol server where civic location information is validated against the authoritative GIS database information. A civic address is considered valid if it can be located within the database uniquely, is suitable to provide an accurate route for an emergency call, and adequate and specific enough to direct responders to the right location.
370
Macrocell
A wireless carrier installed and activated cell that may have a radius range of approximately at least one kilometer but up to 20 kilometers (or approximately one-half mile to 12 miles) and provide access to all wireless handsets and access devices.
371
Management Console
A Functional Element that supports general management functions for the PSAP. It also sends and receives Discrepancy Reports on behalf of the PSAP.
372
Manual Transfer
The capability of a PSAP attendant to transfer a 9-1-1 call to another location by manually dialing the destination number or speed dialing code.
373
Mass Calling Event
A period of high 9‑1‑1 call volume triggered by an accident, man-made, natural, or weather-related event.
374
Master Clock
An accurate timing device that generates synchronization signals to control other clocks or equipment.
375
MCC
(Mobile Competence Centre) provides support to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), as well as to the ETSI’s (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) Technical Committee projects by combining voluntary resources with funded resources, all of which are located at the ETSI Headquarters in Sophia Antipolis, southern France.
376
MCS
(MSAG Conversion Service) is a web service providing conversion between PIDF-LO (Presence Information Data Format – Location Object) and MSAG (Master Street Address Guide) data.
377
MDS
(Mapping Data Service) provides a PSAP call taker with information showing the location of an out-of-area caller.
378
MDT
(Mobile Data Terminal) is a computerized device used in a vehicle to exchange information between an end user and a communications center. MDTs are a specific type of FRC (Field Responder Client).
379
Method of Location Determination
A representation of the “method token” or some 9-1-1 specific grouping or simplification of the various “method tokens”.
380
method token
One of the text strings designating the manner in which location information in a PIDF-LO object has been derived or discovered. Any party may register new method tokens with the IANA, as needed, on a first-come-first-serve basis.
381
Metrocell
A type of small cell that is generally wireless carrier installed and activated; may have a cell radius range of approximately 150 to 300 meters (or approximately 500 to 1000 feet).
382
MF
(Multi‑Frequency) is a type of in-band signaling used on analog interoffice and 9‑1‑1 trunks.
383
MGCP
(Media Gateway Control Protocol) is a protocol used to convert signaling between the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) to VoIP networks.
384
MIB
(Management Information Base) is an object used with the Simple Network Management Protocol to manage a specific device or function.
385
Microcell
A type of small cell that is generally wireless carrier installed and activated; may have a cell radius range of approximately 2 kilometers (or approximately 1 mile).
386
MIME
(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) is an IETF specification for formatting and identifying data so that it can be sent over an IP network. Within NG9-1-1 it is primarily used within SIP messages.
387
MIS
(Management Information System) is a computer system that collects, stores and correlates data from multiple systems and allows users to readily access data support to operational and strategic decision making on performance, trends, traffic capacities, etc.
388
Misrouted Call
A call routed to a PSAP that should not have received it due to a provisioning error (for example in the ECRF, in the PRF, or the LIS) or other misconfigurations.
389
MLP
(Mobile Location Protocol) is a protocol that may be used for mobile location queries.
390
MLTS
(Multi-Line Telephone System) is communications equipment comprised of common control unit(s), telephone sets, control hardware and software and adjunct systems used typically in enterprise settings such as hotels, government agencies, commercial offices, and campuses. Such equipment includes network and premises-based systems such as Centrex, VoIP, as well as PBX, Hybrid, and Key Telephone Systems (as classified by the FCC under Part 68 Requirements).
391
MMS
(Multimedia Messaging Service) is a standard way to send messages that extends the core SMS (Short Message Service) capability to include multimedia content to and from a mobile phone over a cellular network.
392
MOU
(Memorandum of Understanding) is a document written between parties to cooperatively work together on an agreed upon project or meet an agreed upon objective.
Also known as:
Cooperative Agreement
MOA (Memorandum of Agreement)
393
MPC/GMLC
(Mobile Positioning Center / Gateway Mobile Location Center) is a Functional Entity that provides an interface between the wireless originating network and the Emergency Services Network. The MPC/GMLC retrieves, forwards, stores and controls position data within the location services network.
394
MPCAP
(Mobile Positioning Capability) is a dataset containing the Electronic Serial Numbers of provisioned handsets indicating their capability of providing location information. This information is used to trigger a location query to the Positioning Determining Equipment (PDE).
395
MPLS
(Multi-Protocol Label Switching) is a type of data-carrying technique for high-performance telecommunications networks that directs data from one network node to the next based on short path labels rather than long network addresses, avoiding complex lookups in a routing table. A mechanism that allows network administrators to perform a measure of traffic engineering within their networks.
396
MSAG
(Master Street Address Guide) is a database of street names and house number ranges within their associated communities defining Emergency Service Zones (ESZs) and their associated Emergency Service Numbers (ESNs) to enable proper routing of 9‑1‑1 calls.
397
MSC
(Mobile Switching Center) is the wireless equivalent of a Central Office, which provides switching functions for wireless calls.
398
MSID
(Mobile Station Identity) is a unique identifier for a wireless phone used as a paging identity to complete an emergency call from a PSAP. The MSID may be an International Mobile Subscription Identity (IMSI) or a Mobile Identification Number (MIN) programmed into the phone by a service provider.
399
MSRP
(Message Session Relay Protocol) is a standardized mechanism for exchanging instant messages using SIP where a server relays messages between user agents.
400
MTP
(Message Transfer Part) is a layer of the SS7 protocol providing the routing and network interface capabilities to support call setup.
401
Multimedia
The combined use of several media types such as text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images (Video), animation, audio, and any other media where every type of information can be represented, stored, transmitted and processed digitally.
