ACRONYMS

Question 1

ACTH

Answer 1

adrenocorticotropic hormone: ACTH is secreted from the anterior pituitary. Stimulates the adrenal cortex. It stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids such as cortisol.

Question 2

T4

Answer 2

thyroxine: iodine-containing hormone that is produced by the thyroid gland, increases the rate of cell metabolism, regulates growth

Question 3

T3

Answer 3

triiodothyronine:T3 hormone function is associated with almost all processes in the human body. It is the most powerful hormone produced by the thyroid and its functions are associated with the body temperature, growth and heart rate

Question 4

FSH

Answer 4

follicle-stimulating hormone: stimulating growth of the ovarian follicle, which includes the developing egg, the cells surrounding the egg that produce the hormones needed to support a pregnancy, and the fluid around the egg

Question 5

LH

Answer 5

luteinizing hormone: helps to increase the amount of estrogen produced by the follicle cells and its main function is to cause ovulation

Question 6

ADH

Answer 6

antidiuretic hormone (Vasopressin): secreted from the posterior pituitary, conserve body water by reducing the loss of water in urine

Question 7

PTH

Answer 7

parathyroid hormone: Parathyroid hormone is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium and phosphorus concentration in extracellular fluid. This hormone is secreted from cells of the parathyroid glands and finds its major target cells in bone and kidney.

Question 8

TSH

Answer 8

thyroid-stimulating hormone: secreted from cells in the anterior pituitary called thyrotrophs, finds its receptors on epithelial cells in the thyroid gland, and stimulates that gland to synthesize and release thyroid hormones.

Question 9

GH

Answer 9

growth hormone: major participant in control of several complex physiologic processes, including growth and metabolism

Question 10

TRH

Answer 10

thyrotropin-releasing hormone: small peptide hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary.

Question 11

CRF

Answer 11

corticotropin-releasing factor: peptide hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 12

NE

Answer 12

norepinephrine: A catecholamine secreted from the adrenal medulla and from certain sympathetic neurons.

Question 13

RAIU

Answer 13

radioactive iodine uptake: measures how much radioactive iodine is taken up by the thyroid gland in a certain time period.

Question 14

DI

Answer 14

diabetes insipidus: A disease associated with inadequate production of or response to antidiuretic hormone. A major clinical sign is production of very large volumes of urine.

Question 15

SIADH

Answer 15

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone: hyponatremia and hypo-osmolality that results from inappropriate, continued secretion and/or action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) despite normal or increased plasma volume, which results in impaired water excretion

Question 16

DDAVP

Answer 16

desmopressin acetate: Desmopressin is used to control the symptoms of a certain type of diabetes insipidus (‘water diabetes’; condition in which the body produces an abnormally large amount of urine).

Question 17

PTU

Answer 17

propylthiouracil (iodine preparation): oral medication that is used to manage hyperthyroidism which is due to an overactive thyroid gland. Grave’s disease

Question 18

SSKI

Answer 18

potassium iodine: Potassium iodide is also used along with antithyroid medicines to prepare the thyroid gland for surgical removal, to treat certain overactive thyroid conditions (hyperthyroidism), and to protect the thyroid in a radiation exposure emergency. It works by shrinking the size of the thyroid gland and decreasing the amount of thyroid hormones produced.

Question 19

TS

Answer 19

thyroid storm: Thyroid storm is a life-threatening condition that develops in cases of untreated thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid). It is usually brought on by a stress such as trauma or infection. Symptoms are severe and may include:
Agitation
Change in alertness (consciousness)
Confusion
Diarrhea
Fever
Pounding heart (tachycardia)
Restlessness
Shaking
Sweating