ACRONYMS Flashcards
Master acronyms and deinitions of all
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone: ACTH is secreted from the anterior pituitary. Stimulates the adrenal cortex. It stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids such as cortisol.
T4
thyroxine: iodine-containing hormone that is produced by the thyroid gland, increases the rate of cell metabolism, regulates growth
T3
triiodothyronine:T3 hormone function is associated with almost all processes in the human body. It is the most powerful hormone produced by the thyroid and its functions are associated with the body temperature, growth and heart rate
FSH
follicle-stimulating hormone: stimulating growth of the ovarian follicle, which includes the developing egg, the cells surrounding the egg that produce the hormones needed to support a pregnancy, and the fluid around the egg
LH
luteinizing hormone: helps to increase the amount of estrogen produced by the follicle cells and its main function is to cause ovulation
ADH
antidiuretic hormone (Vasopressin): secreted from the posterior pituitary, conserve body water by reducing the loss of water in urine
PTH
parathyroid hormone: Parathyroid hormone is the most important endocrine regulator of calcium and phosphorus concentration in extracellular fluid. This hormone is secreted from cells of the parathyroid glands and finds its major target cells in bone and kidney.
TSH
thyroid-stimulating hormone: secreted from cells in the anterior pituitary called thyrotrophs, finds its receptors on epithelial cells in the thyroid gland, and stimulates that gland to synthesize and release thyroid hormones.
GH
growth hormone: major participant in control of several complex physiologic processes, including growth and metabolism
TRH
thyrotropin-releasing hormone: small peptide hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary.
CRF
corticotropin-releasing factor: peptide hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone from the anterior pituitary gland.
NE
norepinephrine: A catecholamine secreted from the adrenal medulla and from certain sympathetic neurons.
RAIU
radioactive iodine uptake: measures how much radioactive iodine is taken up by the thyroid gland in a certain time period.
DI
diabetes insipidus: A disease associated with inadequate production of or response to antidiuretic hormone. A major clinical sign is production of very large volumes of urine.
SIADH
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone: hyponatremia and hypo-osmolality that results from inappropriate, continued secretion and/or action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) despite normal or increased plasma volume, which results in impaired water excretion
DDAVP
desmopressin acetate: Desmopressin is used to control the symptoms of a certain type of diabetes insipidus (‘water diabetes’; condition in which the body produces an abnormally large amount of urine).
PTU
propylthiouracil (iodine preparation): oral medication that is used to manage hyperthyroidism which is due to an overactive thyroid gland. Grave’s disease
SSKI
potassium iodine: Potassium iodide is also used along with antithyroid medicines to prepare the thyroid gland for surgical removal, to treat certain overactive thyroid conditions (hyperthyroidism), and to protect the thyroid in a radiation exposure emergency. It works by shrinking the size of the thyroid gland and decreasing the amount of thyroid hormones produced.
TS
thyroid storm: Thyroid storm is a life-threatening condition that develops in cases of untreated thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid). It is usually brought on by a stress such as trauma or infection. Symptoms are severe and may include: Agitation Change in alertness (consciousness) Confusion Diarrhea Fever Pounding heart (tachycardia) Restlessness Shaking Sweating
