Acronyms Flashcards
1
Q
MOF
A
Multiple organ failure
2
Q
Sepsis
A
Sepsis/ septicemia
-Body’s most extreme response to an infection.
-Blood poisoning by germs such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
3
Q
Septic shock
A
Septic shock:
- last and most severe stage of sepsis.
-The inflammation throughout your body can cause dangerously low blood pressure and multiple organ failure.
-need immediate treatment if you have septic shock. Treatment may include antibiotics, oxygen and medication.
4
Q
NEWS
A
National Early Warning Score. Helps identify acute deterioration
Clinical risk:
-Low 1-4
-Medium 5-6
-High 7+.
5
Q
GCS
A
Glasgow coma scale: neurological scale used to assess a person’s level of conscious
Rated on- Eye opening/ Verbal response/ Motor Response
Out of 15
13 to 15: Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Also known as a concussion.
9 to 12: Moderate TBI.
3 to 8: Severe TBI
6
Q
EMRT
A
Emergency response team
7
Q
DNACPR
A
Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
8
Q
MUST
A
Calculate a patient’s overall risk of malnutrition.
Score:
0- Low risk,
1- Medium risk,
2- High risk,
9
Q
Blood cultures
A
A blood culture is a medical laboratory test used to detect bacteria or fungi in a person’s blood. Under normal conditions, the blood does not contain microorganisms: their presence can indicate a bloodstream infection such as bacteremia or fungemia, which in severe cases may result in sepsis.
10
Q
Urosepsis
A
Urosepsis is sepsis caused by infections of the urinary tract, including cystitis, or lower urinary tract and bladder infections, and or upper urinary tract and kidney infections
11
Q
B12 deficiency
A
Without enough red blood cells, your tissues and organs don’t get enough oxygen. Without enough oxygen, your body can’t work as well. Symptoms include weak muscles, numbness, trouble walking, nausea, weight loss, irritability, fatigue, and increased heart rate.
12
Q
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
A
complication of diabetes
13
Q
T1DM
A
Type 1 diabetes, / insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition. In this condition, the pancreas makes little or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone the body uses to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy.
14
Q
T2DM
A
Type 2 diabetes is a common condition that causes the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood to become too high. It can cause symptoms like excessive thirst, needing to pee a lot and tiredness. Many people have no symptoms. It increases your risk of getting serious problems with your eyes, feet, heart and nerves.
15
Q
Starvation Ketosis
A
Starvation Ketosis: Diabetes can cause Starvation ketoacidosis which occurs after the body is deprived of glucose as its primary source of energy for a prolonged time, causing fatty acids to replace glucose as the major metabolic fuel.
16
Q
Cataract:
A
A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of your eye
17
Q
DM
A
Diabetes mellitus
18
Q
DVT:
A
DVT: (deep vein thrombosis) is a blood clot in a vein, usually in the leg.
19
Q
IV
A
Intravenous therapy- IV fluids are specially formulated liquids that are injected into a vein to prevent or treat dehydration.
20
Q
IV glucose/ dextrose
A
-used to treat low blood sugar or water loss without electrolyte loss
21
Q
Hypernatremia
A
Level of sodium in blood is too high. Hypernatremia involves dehydration, which can have many causes, including not drinking enough fluids, diarrhea, kidney dysfunction, and taking diuretics (water tablets).
22
Q
Diuretics
A
Diuretics are medicines that help reduce fluid buildup in the body. They are sometimes called water pills. Most diuretics help the kidneys remove salt and water through the urine.
23
Q
OGD-
A
Oesophago Gastro Duodenoscopy/ endoscopy.
Involves looking at the upper part of the gut which includes the oesophagus (food pipe), stomach and the first part of your small bowel (duodenum) with a narrow flexible tube.
24
Q
MI
A
Heart attach
25
LRTI
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI) are infections that affect the airways (below the level of the larynx), including the trachea and the alveolar sacs.
26
SCP
Supportive care plan (near end of life- time to get them home)
27
TIA
Transient ischemic attack, "mini stroke", is a serious condition where the blood supply to your brain is temporarily disrupted
28
Colitis
Colitis is swelling or inflammation of the large intestine.
29
Emphysema
Damage to the air sacs in the lungs
29
Chronic bronchitis
Long-term inflammation of the airways
30
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for a group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties.
It includes:
Emphysema – damage to the air sacs in the lungs
Chronic bronchitis – long-term inflammation of the airways
COPD is a common condition that mainly affects middle-aged or older adults who smoke. Many people do not realise they have it.
Symptoms: SOB/ persistent chesty cough with phlegm ("smoker's cough")/ frequent chest infections/persistent wheezing/ Without treatment, the symptoms usually get progressively worse. There may also be periods when they get suddenly worse, known as a flare-up or exacerbation.
31
COPD linked with dysphagia
COPD can impact the breath swallow cycle-lead to dyphagia. COPD disrupts the typical coordination between the swallowing and respiratory systems, leading to impairments and inefficiencies in the swallowing process.
32
HTN
High blood pressure/ hypertension can lead to serious problems like heart attacks or strokes. But lifestyle changes and blood pressure medicines can help you stay healthy. Usually no symptoms.
Causes: older age/unhealthy diet/smoking/ drinking too much alcohol/ stress over a prolonged time.
33
Hypotension:
low blood pressure
34
Oral candia
Oral candia/ oral thrush, different meds fluconazole/ nystatin/ itraconazole
35
Acid reflux
Acid reflux happens when the sphincter muscle at the lower end of the esophagus relaxes at the wrong time, allowing stomach acid to back up into the esophagus. This can cause heartburn and other symptoms. Frequent or constant reflux can lead to GERD
36
Difference between acid reflux and GERD
The feeling of acid reflux is heartburn: a mild burning sensation in the mid-chest, often occurring after meals or when lying down. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a more serious form of acid reflux. In GERD, the backflow of stomach acid occurs chronically and causes damage to the body over time.
37
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
38
Acid reflux meds
PPIs:
Famotidine
Lansoprazole
Omeprazole
Esomeprazole
There are different brand names: Nexium etc,
Antacids:
Gaviscon Advance (the best and only one I recommend)
Gaviscon
Peptac
Acidex
Rennie
Tums
39
Acute myocardial
Acute myocardial- A heart attack is a serious condition where the supply of blood to the heart is suddenly blocked. It needs to be treated as quickly as possible.
40
NOF
Neck of femur. Hip fracture
41
FEES
fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing
42
Tackycardiac
increased heart rate
43
Hypotensive
low blood pressure
44
Hypertensive
high blood pressure
45
Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus is the buildup of fluid in cavities called ventricles deep within the brain.
46
Vasopressin
Vasopressin is known to regulate blood pressure, blood osmolality, and blood volume.
47
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Eosinophilic esophagitis is an allergic condition that happens in the esophagus. The esophagus becomes inflamed and does not contract properly. It can get narrowed and develop rings or abscesses. The symptoms happen when your immune system makes white blood cells in reaction to an allergen.
EoE is caused by an allergic reaction to certain foods or environmental allergens. Symptoms of EoE vary from person to person and may include:
Trouble swallowing
Chest pain or heartburn
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Food getting stuck in the throat due to narrowing (this is a medical emergency)
48
Proton-pump inhibitors
Proton-pump inhibitors are a class of medications that cause a profound and prolonged reduction of stomach acid production.
49
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammation of your lungs that occurs if the air sacs fill with fluid or pus.
50
Aspiration pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia happens when you accidentally inhale food, liquid, saliva, or vomit into your lung
51
CVA
Cva- cerebrovascular accident/ stroke
52
Liver cirrhosis
Liver cirrhosis- Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver caused by long-term liver damage.
53
Bradykinesia
-movements slower than expected. Difficulty initiating movement, such as standing from a sitting position. A shuffling walk or dragging one foot. Difficulty with fine motor movements such as holding a writing utensil, buttoning a shirt or brushing your teeth.
54
GBM
Glioblastoma, previously known as glioblastoma multiforme, is the most aggressive and most common type of cancer that originates in the brain, and has a very poor prognosis for survival.
55
PMSV
Passy Muir speaking Valve- cap on tracky liner tube redirects air
56
PCS
Posterior circulation stroke (PCS) refers to a neurological deficit resulting from impaired perfusion of the brainstem, cerebellum, thalamus and/or occipitoparietal lobe.
57
Electrolyte derangement-
An electrolyte imbalance occurs when you have too much or not enough of certain minerals in your body.
58
Gastroduodenal junction
The gastroduodenal junction is the boundary between the pyloricstomach (left) and the duodenum (right) of the small intestine. The pyloric sphincter controls the passage of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum.
59
Oesophagitis dysmotility
To keep foods or liquids moving to the stomach, the esophagus muscles tighten and relax in a wave-like motion. With esophageal dysmotility, foods and liquids do not easily pass down the esophagus. This causes problems swallowing.
60
61
Aneurysm
Aneurysm is a bulge in the arteries caused by the weakness of the vessel's wall,
62
Esophagitis
Esophagitis is swelling and irritation, called inflammation, of the tissues that line the esophagus. The esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food and drink from the mouth to the stomach. Esophagitis (uh-sof-uh-JIE-tis) can cause painful, difficult swallowing. It also can lead to chest pain.
63
Hemorrhage
Hemorrhage is a kind of bleeding or leakage that occurs in the blood vessels of the brain, sending the blood in places where it should not be.
64
MND
Motor neurone disease is a rare condition affecting the brain and nerves. It eventually leads to death, but some people live with it for many years.
Symptoms of motor neurone disease include muscle weakness, twitches, slurred speech and difficulty swallowing. The symptoms get worse over time.
Treatment for motor neurone disease aims to ease the symptoms as much as possible. Treatments include physiotherapy, speech therapy and medicines.
Motor neurone disease happens when cells in the brain and nerves, called motor neurones, gradually stop working. It's not known why this happens.
65
Hypernatremia
the level of sodium in blood is too high.
66
Acute Renal failure:
Kidney failure
67
Otitis externa
Otitis externa, also called swimmer's ear, is an inflammation, irritation, or infection of the external ear canal.
68
Otitis media
Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear.
69
HHS
HHS: Diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) is a complication of type 2 diabetes. It involves an extremely high blood sugar (glucose) level without the presence of ketones.
70
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus. Signs and symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, deep gasping breathing, increased urination, weakness, confusion and occasionally loss of consciousness. A person's breath may develop a specific "fruity" smell.
71
Starvation ketoacidosis
Occurs after the body is deprived of glucose as its primary source of energy for a prolonged time
72
Barrett’s esophagus
Abnormal cell growth of the esophagus lining. pre-cancerous condition. It usually occurs in people with chronic, untreated acid reflux (GERD) can have difficulty swallowing/ feel like its getting stuck
73
HHS
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
74
Oedema
Oedema is a build-up of fluid in the body which causes the affected tissue to become swollen.
75
Angina
Angina is where you have attacks of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to your heart.
The main symptom of angina is a tight, dull or heavy pain in your chest.
76
Pulmonary edema
Fluid on the lungs
Pulmonary edema, also known as pulmonary congestion, is excessive fluid accumulation in the tissue or air spaces of the lungs. This leads to impaired gas exchange, most often leading to shortness of breath which can progress to hypoxemia and respiratory failure.
77
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a condition that causes widespread pain and extreme tiredness.
78
Nerve conduction study (NCS) -
A nerve conduction study is a test to check how your nerves /muscles are functioning . It involves pads/rings being placed on your skin which cause a tingling/tapping sensation and then recording how your nerves respond.
79
IHD
Ischemic heart disease, also called coronary heart disease (CHD) or coronary artery disease, is the term given to heart problems caused by narrowed heart (coronary) arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle.
80
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a common eye condition where the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain, becomes damaged. It tends to develop slowly over many years and affects the edges of your vision (peripheral vision) first. For this reason, many people do not realise they have glaucoma, and it's often only picked up during a routine eye test.
81
High grade glimona
High-grade gliomas are tumors of the glial cells, cells found in the brain and spinal cord. They are called “high-grade” because the tumors are fast-growing.
82
Cellulitis:
Cellulitis is an infection caused by bacteria getting into the deeper layers of your skin.
The main symptom of cellulitis is a painful, hot, swollen area of skin. It usually looks red, but this may be less obvious on brown or black skin. Cellulitis usually needs to be treated with antibiotics. It can be serious if it's not treated quickly. Things that increase your risk of cellulitis include poor circulation, inactivity and a weak immune system.
83
LP
Lumbar puncture: The lumbar puncture is a diagnostic procedure in the diagnosis of meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and certain neurological disorders.
84
HF
Heart failure
85
Melanoma
Melanoma, also called malignant melanoma, is a type of skin cancer. It's often caused by too much sun exposure.
86
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar
86
Colon CA
Colon CA- colon cancer/ bowel CA
87
MR:
Mitral regurgitation - heart valve disease- blood may leak the wrong direction.
88
MFFD
medically fit for discharge
89
CIWA
Assessment of alcohol withdrawal, Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol scale.
-Scores of less than 8 to 10 indicate minimal to mild withdrawal.
-Scores of 8 to 15 indicate moderate withdrawal (marked autonomic arousal);
-Scores of 15 or more indicate severe withdrawal (impending delirium tremens).
90
Encephalitis
Encephalitis is an uncommon but serious condition in which the brain becomes inflamed (swollen).
Encephalitis may start off with flu-like symptoms. More serious symptoms include confusion, seizures, difficulty speaking and feeling weak.
Encephalitis needs urgent treatment in hospital. Depending on the cause, treatment may include antiviral medicines, steroids or antibiotics
91
Dextrocardia
Dextrocardia- he heart is positioned on the right side of the chest instead of its normal position on the left side.
92
Hyperlipidemia:
High cholesterol
93
Pulmonary embolism
A pulmonary embolism (embolus) is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition. It is due to a blockage in a blood vessel in the lungs. A pulmonary embolism (PE) can cause symptoms such as chest pain or breathlessness. It may have no symptoms and be hard to detect. A massive PE can cause collapse and death. PE usually happens due to an underlying blood clot in the leg - deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Prompt treatment is important and can be life-saving. Anticoagulation, initially with heparin and then warfarin, or other oral blood thinning tablets, is the usual treatment for PE.
94
Anticoagulation drugs:
blood thinner
95
FM
face mask
96
CT thorax-
A chest CT
97
Nebulizor:
A nebulizer is a small machine that turns liquid medicine into a mist that can be easily inhaled. People with lung disorders such as asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, and bronchiectasis often use nubulizors
98
CT abodomen:
scans of the tummy (abdomen)
99
Thorax
The area of the body between the neck and the abdomen
100
BPH
Bph Benign prostatic hyperplasia -benign prostate enlargement include needing to pee more than usual and finding it hard to empty your bladder.
101
Vocal fold palsy
Vocal fold paralysis, can be caused by nerve damage during surgery/ certain cancers/ viral infection or a neurological disorder.
102
AF
Atrial fibrillation is a condition that causes an irregular and often fast heartbeat. Symptoms of atrial fibrillation include heart palpitations, dizziness and shortness of breath.
103
NC
nasal cannular
104
NORSE
how MMUH/QE contact each other for specialist help
105
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a health condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and more likely to break. It develops slowly over several years and is often only diagnosed when a fall or sudden impact causes a bone to break (fracture).
106
Inguinal hernia
An inguinal hernia is a bulge that occurs in your groin region, the area between the lower part of your abdomen and your thigh. Inguinal hernias occur because of a weakening of the muscles in the lower abdomen.
Inguinal hernia usually happens when fatty tissue or a part of your bowel, such as the intestine, pokes through into your groin at the top of your inner thigh.
Inguinal hernias mainly affect men.
107
Hiatus hernia
Hiatus hernia is when part of your stomach moves up into your chest. It's very common if you're over 50. It does not normally need treatment if it's not causing you problems.
You can have a hiatus hernia without knowing and without it being a problem.
Symptoms include:
-a painful burning feeling in your chest, often after eating (heartburn)
bringing up small amounts of food or bitter-tasting fluids (acid reflux)
-bad breath
-feeling bloated
-feeling or being sick
-difficulty or pain when swallowing (dysphagia)
108
Hypokalemia
low potassium in blood
109
Hyperkalemia
high potassium in blood
110
Anticipatory medicine:
Anticipatory prescribing means prescribing medicines in advance, in case someone develops distressing symptoms. Anticipatory medicines are sometimes also called end of life medicines or just in case medicines
111
Rationalizing medication:
Key considerations guiding medication management in the palliative phase may include: Reviewing and rationalising medications: if they are no longer providing benefits, are causing harm or contributing to adverse drug interactions they need to be stopped, reduced or changed
112
TBI:
A traumatic brain injury, also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. TBI can be classified based on severity ranging from mild traumatic brain injury to severe traumatic brain injury. TBI can also be characterized based on mechanism or other features.
113
Hypoxic brain
lack of oxygen to the brain
114
Canal stenosis:
Spinal stenosis is an abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal that results in pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots. Symptoms may include pain, numbness, or weakness in the arms or legs. Symptoms are typically gradual in onset and improve with leaning forward.
115
Stenosis:
a narrowing or constriction of the diameter of a bodily passage or orifice.
116
Abx:
antibiotics
117
Systolic murmur:
A murmur is a series of vibrations of variable duration, audible with a stethoscope at the chest wall, that emanates from the heart or great vessels. A systolic murmur is a murmur that begins during or after the first heart sound and ends before or during the second heart sound.
118
CKD:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is when the kidneys have become damaged over time (for at least 3 months) and have a hard time doing all their important jobs. CKD also increases the risk of other health problems like heart disease and stroke.
119
AKI:
Bacteria that enter the urinary tract through the urethra can multiply and travel to your kidneys. This is the most common cause of kidney infections. Bacteria from an infection in another part of the body also can spread through the bloodstream to the kidneys.
120
NP airway:
A nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) is a thin, clear, flexible tube that is inserted into a patient's nostril. The purpose of the NPA is to bypass upper airway obstruction at the level of the nose, nasopharynx or base of the tongue. It also prevents the tongue falling backward on the pharyngeal wall to prevent obstruction.
-useful for semi conscious pts/ pts who cannot open their mouth
121
Yankeur suction:
Insert Yankeur catheter into the mouth and apply suction to lower gums around the teeth. Do not apply suction further back into the mouth/ throat than the back teeth. After suctioning insert catheter tip in the jug of water to flush all secretions from the tubing into the canister. Turn off suction machine after use
122
DOLS
The Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS) under the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) allows for the use of restraint and restrictions that amount to a deprivation of liberty in hospitals and care homes, but only when it is necessary to ensure the safety of a resident or patient who lacks the capacity to consent to their care and treatment. This process must also be in the person's best interests to prevent them from harm.
123
Tracheostomy vs Laryngectomy
-A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening through the neck into the trachea. There is still a connection from the nose or mouth to the lungs, so traditional airway manipulation will work. The tracheostomy can be short-term or permanent.
-A laryngectomy is the surgical removal of the larynx, completely and permanently. The remaining trachea is sutured to the anterior neck. There is NO CONNECTION from the nose or mouth to the lungs, so traditional airway manipulation will not work. Laryngectomy patients are known as Neck Breathers - individuals who breathe through a neck stoma.
124
Thyroidectomy
Thyroidectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of your thyroid gland. Your thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of your neck.
125
Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)
is a chronic condition causing pain, stiffness, and tenderness of the muscles, tendons, and joints.
126
Lymphedema
Lymphoedema is a chronic (long-term) condition that causes swelling in the body's tissues. It can affect any part of the body, but usually develops in the arms or legs.
127
Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE)
Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) is a condition that causes temporary worsening of brain function in people with advanced liver disease. A high level of toxins in the blood due to liver damage is known as hepatic encephalopathy.
128
Cardiogenic
Cardiogenic shock, also known as cardiac shock, happens when your heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to the brain and other vital organs. This is a life-threatening emergency.
129
Endocarditis
Infective endocarditis (IE) is the term that denotes a bacterial, viral or fungal infection of the endocardial surfaces of the heart.
130
Bronchiectasis
is a chronic lung condition where the walls of your airways (bronchi) widen and are thickened from inflammation and infection.
131
Tachycardia
a type of abnormal heart rhythm
132
Pyrexia
Fever, or pyrexia, is the elevation of an individual's core body temperature above a 'set-point' regulated by the body's thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus.
133
BPH
Benign prostatic hyperplasia, a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, is the most common benign tumor found in men.
134
RA
Rheumatoid arthritis
135
NSTEMI
is a type of heart attack that usually happens when your heart's need for oxygen can't be met.
136
Chronic subdural haematoma
- A chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) is an old clot of blood on the surface of the brain beneath its outer covering.
137
Hypothyroidism
An underactive thyroid is where your thyroid gland (a small gland in your neck) does not produce enough hormones.
Symptoms of an underactive thyroid include feeling tired all the time, gaining weight and being sensitive to cold.
