Acquired Immune Response

Question 1

define acquired immunity

Answer 1

the resistance of a host resulting from the formation of antibodies or anti-body like responses

Question 2

what are the 2 parts of the immune response?

Answer 2

• Humoral antibody response

- cell-mediated immune response

Question 3

define the Humoral antibody response

Answer 3

• responses that lead to the formation of antibody molecules that circulate with the body fluids.

Question 4

define cell-mediated immune response

Answer 4

the production of lymphocytes that have specific reactive sites

Question 5

define antigen

Answer 5

any foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies (usually proteins or carbohydrates over 10 kDa, some lipids)

Question 6

define antibody

Answer 6

a substance that will specifically combine with only the type of antigen called antigenic determinants

Question 7

why cant an antigenic determinant stimulate antibody formation alone?

Answer 7

• it cant because of its small size but it can react with antibodies already formed

Question 8

Humoral antibodies are released into the…

Answer 8

blood and are found in most tissue fluids

Question 9

Humoral antibosdies destroy…

Answer 9

invading organisms or neutralize toxins

Question 10

what the 1st step in humoral antibody response?

Answer 10

a bacterium with a specific antigenic determinant is phagocytized by a microphage in a lymph node or lymphatic organ

Question 11

what the2nd step in humoral antibody response?

Answer 11

the foreign substance (antigen) is presented to a B cell which has a specific receptor that combines. When the B-cell combines with its specific antigen it becomes activated and begins to multiply AKA clonal expansion.

Question 12

what the 3rd step in humoral antibody response?

Answer 12

A helper T cell is involved in this process

Question 13

what the 4th step in humoral antibody response?

Answer 13

activated B cells differentiate into either memory lymphocytes or plasma cells

Question 14

what the 5th step in humoral antibody response?

Answer 14

plasma cells contain increased cytoplasm, ER, and ribosomes produce proteins called immunoglobulins(Ig) or antibodies

Question 15

what the 6th step in humoral antibody response?

Answer 15

memory cells replicate to a limited extent and become involved with secondary antibody responses.

Question 16

what are the classes of immunoglobulins or antibodies?

Answer 16

IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE

Question 17

IgG

Answer 17

…

Question 18

IgM

Answer 18

….

Question 19

IgA

Answer 19

…

Question 20

IgD

Answer 20

…

Question 21

IgE

Answer 21

…

Question 22

In the humoral antibody response, when does the antibody appear in detectable levels

Answer 22

week 1 after exposure to antigen

Question 23

(Primary) Maximum antibody concentration is attained at week ____ and what happens over the years at this level?

Answer 23

3;

the level of antibodies slowly decrease over the yearsc

Question 24

what happens when a person who has had a primary antibody response is re-exposed to the same antigen?

Answer 24

• IgG and IgA are produced in a few days rather than a few weeks. The preprogrammed memory cells( which last for years) rapidly change into antibody-producing plasma cells before the invading organism has a chance to produce a clinical disease.

Question 25

what are the 4 ways the antibodies function against microorganisms?

Answer 25

• agglutination
• neutralizing antibodies
• antitoxins
• activation of the complement system

Question 26

define the agglutination reaction

Answer 26

antibodies bind microorganisms into clumps by forming bridges between cells. These cells are readily phagocytized

Question 27

what occurs when neutralizing antibodies?

Answer 27

combine over the surface of microorganisms and prevent their attachment to host cells

Question 28

How do antitoxins function against microorganisms?

Answer 28

antitoxins form antibodies that neutralize toxins produced by microorganisms

Question 29

• activation of the complement system

Answer 29

…