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ACP Flashcards

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0
Q

age of Pericles

A

461-429 BCE, Pericles dominated Athenian politics and Athens reached the height of it’s power.

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1
Q

acropolis

A

in early Greek city-states, a fortified gathering place at the top of a hill which sometimes was the site of temples and public buildings

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2
Q

anarchy

A

political disorder, lawlessness

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3
Q

annex

A

incorporate territory into an existing political unit, such as a city or country

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4
Q

annul

A

declare invalid

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5
Q

anthropology

A

study of human life and culture based on artifacts and human fossils

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6
Q

apartheid

A

“apartness,” the system of racial segregation in South Africa from the 1950s until 1991

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7
Q

first african nation to achieve independence after ww2

A

Ghana

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8
Q

ANC

A

African National Congress. It was blacks wanting economic and political reform. Nelson Mandela led.

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9
Q

appeasement

A

satisfying demands of dissatisfied powers in an effort to maintain peace and stability. like what happened with hitler.

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10
Q

aristocracy

A

an upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed on from one generation to another.

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11
Q

armistice

A

a truce or agreement to end fighting

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12
Q

autonomous

A

self-governing

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13
Q

balance of trade

A

the different in value between what a nation imports and what it exports

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14
Q

baroque

A

an artistic style of the 17th century characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation, and contrasting elements.

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15
Q

blitzkrieg

A

German for lightning war, a swift and sudden military attack used by the Germans in ww2

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16
Q

bourgeoisie

A

the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people. sometimes richer than the upper class.

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17
Q

Bronze Age

A

3000-1200 BCE, characterized by the widespread use of bronze for tools and weapons

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18
Q

Buddhism

A

a religious doctrine introduced in northern India in the sixth century BCE by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, or enlightened one

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19
Q

budget deficit

A

the state that exists when a government spends more than it collects

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20
Q

bureaucracy

A

an administrative organization that relies on nonelective officials and regular procedures

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21
Q

bushido

A

strict code which the Japanese samurai lived by

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22
Q

caste system

A

divisions in India. Brahmas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudras, Untouchables.

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23
Q

caudillo

A

in post revolutionary Latin America, a strong leader who ruled chiefly by military force, usually with the support of the landed elite

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24
Q

chivalry

A

in the Middle Ages, the ideal of civilized behavior that develops among the nobility; it was a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold

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25
Q

city state

A

a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside

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26
Q

collective bargaining

A

the right of unions to negotiate with employers over wages and hours

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27
Q

collectivization

A

a system in which private farms are eliminated and peasants work land owned by the government

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28
Q

commercial capitalism

A

economic system in which people invest in trade or goods to make profits

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29
Q

common law

A

a uniform system of law that developed in England bases on court decisions and on customs and usage rather than in written law codes; replaced codes that varied from place to place

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30
Q

commonwealth

A

a republic

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31
Q

concession

A

political compromise

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32
Q

consul

A

a chief executive officer of the roman republic; two were elected each year, one to run the government and one to lead the army into battle

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33
Q

contras

A

rebels financed by the USA who began a guerrilla war against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua

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34
Q

coup d’etat

A

sudden overthrow of the government

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35
Q

cuneiform

A

“wedge shaped” a system of writing developed by the Sumerians using a reed stylus to create wedge shaped impressions in a clay tablet

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36
Q

czar

A

Russian for Caesar, the title used by russian emperors

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37
Q

dao

A

“way” the key to proper behavior under Confucianism

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38
Q

daoism

A

a system of ideas based on the teachings of laozi, teaches that the will of heaven is best followed through inaction so that nature is allowed to take it’s course

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39
Q

deficit spending

A

when a govt pays out more money than taking in from taxes and other revenues and goes into debt

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40
Q

deism

A

an 18th cent religious philosophy based on reason and natural law

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41
Q

dharma

A

in Hinduism. requires all people to do their duty based on their status in society

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42
Q

dictatorship

A

a form of government in which a person or small group has absolute power

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43
Q

direct democracy

A

a system of govt in which the people participate directly in government decision making through mass meetings

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44
Q

direct rule

A

colonial govt in which local elites are removed from power and replaced by a new set of officials brought from the mother country

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45
Q

Duma

A

the russian legislative assembly

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46
Q

dynasty

A

a family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family

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47
Q

empire

A

a large political unit, usually under a single leader, that controls many peoples or territories

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48
Q

enlightened absolutism

A

a system in which rulers tried to govern by enlightenment principles while maintaining their full royal powers

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49
Q

estate

A

one of three classes into which french society was divided before revolution: the clergy, the nobles, and the townspeople

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50
Q

fascism

A

a political philosophy that glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need for a strong central govt led by a dictatorial

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51
Q

federal system

A

a form of govt In which power is shared between the nat govt and state govts

52
Q

filial piety

A

duty of fam members to subordinate their needs and desires to those of the male head of family. Confucianism

53
Q

genocide

A

mass murder of a specific ethnic group

54
Q

great schism

A

a split in the Catholic Church that lasted from 1378 to 1418, during which time there were rival popes in rome and avignon

55
Q

Hellenistic era

A

the age of Alexander the Great. period when the Greek language and ideas were carried to the non greek world

56
Q

Hinduism

A

the major Indian religion, which had its origins in the religious beliefs of the Aryans who settled India after 1500 BCE

57
Q

humanism

A

intellectual movement of the renaissance based on the study of the humanities

58
Q

imperialism

A

the extension of a nations power over other lands

59
Q

indirect rule

A

colonial govt in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status

60
Q

kaiser

A

German for Caesar, the title of the emperors of the second German empire

61
Q

legalism

A

a popular philosophy developed in China toward the end of the Zhou dynasty. proposes that human beings are evil by nature and can only be brought to the correct path by harsh laws

62
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

claim by chinese kings of the Zhou dynasty that they had direct authority from heaven to rule and to keep order in the universe

63
Q

mercantilism

A

a set of principles that dominated economic thought in the seventeenth century; it held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver

64
Q

mobilization

A

getting ready for war

65
Q

Monroe doctrine

A

USA policy guaranteeing the independence of Latin American nations and warning against European intervention in the Americas

66
Q

Neolithic revolution

A

the shift from hunting of animals and gathering of good to the keeping of animals and growing of food. around 8000 BCE

67
Q

NEP, new economic policy

A

Lenin in 1921/modified capitalism to replace communism in russia

68
Q

oligarchy

A

rule of the few, a form of govt in which a small group of people exercises control

69
Q

Paleolithic age

A

early period of human history, from approx 2,500,000 to 10,000 BCE. aka old Stone Age

70
Q

planned economy

A

an economic system directed by govt agencies

71
Q

plebeian

A

a social class in the roman republic that was made up of minor landholders, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers

72
Q

plebiscite

A

popular vote

73
Q

postmodernism

A

an artistic movement that emerged in the 1980s, it’s artists do not expect rationality in the world and are comfortable with many “truths”

74
Q

privatization

A

the sale of govt owned companies to private firms

75
Q

rationalism

A

a system of thought expounded by rene Descartes based in the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge

76
Q

realism

A

mid 19th cent movement that rejected romanticism and sought to portray lower and middle class life as it actually was

77
Q

romanticism

A

an intellectual movement that emerged at the end of the 18th cent in reaction to the ideas of the enlightenment; it stressed feelings, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing

78
Q

sans culottes

A

without breeches, members of the paris commune who considered themselves ordinary patriots

79
Q

secularization

A

indifference to or rejection of religion

80
Q

separation of powers

A

a form of govt in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches limit and control each other through a system of checks and balances

81
Q

Shinto

A

Japanese state religion

82
Q

Silk Road

A

between Roman Empire and China

83
Q

social contract

A

the concept proposed by Rousseau that an entire society agrees to be governed by it’s general will, and all individuals should be forced to abide by the general will since it represents what’s best for the entire community

84
Q

socialism

A

society, usually in form of govt, controls and owns the means of production

85
Q

Socratic method

A

method of teaching used by the Greek philosopher Socrates, it employs question and answer format to lead pupils to see things for themselves by using their own reason

86
Q

sphere of influence

A

an areas in which a foreign power has been granted exclusive rights and privileges, such as trading rights and mining privileges

87
Q

state capitalism

A

economic system in which the central govt plays an active role in the economy, establishing price and wage policies and subsiding vital industries

88
Q

stateless society

A

a group of independent villages organized into clans and led by a local ruler or clan head without any central govt

89
Q

totalitarian state

A

a govt that aims to control the political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of its citizens

90
Q

discovery of the new world

A

1492

91
Q

World War One dates

A

1914-1918

92
Q

when did USA come into ww1

A

1917

93
Q

year of stock market crash

A

1929

94
Q

world war 2 dates

A

1939-1945

95
Q

american revolution date

A

1776

96
Q

French Revolution date

A

about 1786

97
Q

Napoleon date

A

1796 ish

98
Q

feudalism went along with

A

manoralism

99
Q

pluto

A

if you can think it, it can exist. allegory of cave. cannot trust senses. wrote “the republic”, thought democracies were terrible

100
Q

Aristotle

A

if u can’t taste it, touch it, smell it, see it, is doesn’t matter. classification system.

101
Q

american civil war dates

A

1861-1865

102
Q

Africa to the USA was called the

A

middle passage

103
Q

iron curtain

A

line between soviet and non soviets / west and east europe

104
Q

mercantilism says

A

colonies should exist for the benefit of the mother country

105
Q

fall of rome date

A

467

106
Q

crusades date about

A

1100

107
Q

Renaissance dates about

A

1300

108
Q

Byzantines were what religion

A

Christian

109
Q

world war 1 alliances were

A

firstly, triple alliance (italy, Austria-Hungary, and Germany) and triple entente (france, UK, Russia), then central powers (still Austria Hungary, Germany, now ottoman Turks) and allies (france, italy, japan, UK, russia, USA)

110
Q

John Locke came up with

A

life, liberty, and property. natural rights.

111
Q

popular sovereignty

A

people chose what govt they want

112
Q

Machiavelli ?

A

the prince. it is better to be feared than loved. the ends justify the means.

113
Q

rousseau

A

society is evil, but the govt that govt least is the best

114
Q

adam smith

A

laissez faire (let the people do what they want)

115
Q

USA came into ww2

A

1941-1945

116
Q

China after republic

A 
1912 republic 
1939 Japanese come in (rape of Nanking)
1945 Japanese leave
then civil war
communists win
117
Q

judicial dual

A

aka trial by combat. Germanic law used to have two people fight and whoever won was proclaimed right

118
Q

trial by jury

A

jury makes decision

119
Q

trial by ordeal

A

they would subject the accused to an unpleasant, sometimes dangerous experience. proof of innocence was survival.

120
Q

“golden age of India”

A

Gupta empire

121
Q

Rwanda genocide was of ____ by the ____

A

Tutsi, Hutu

122
Q

legalism said

A

people need rules to force then to behave morally

123
Q

representative democracy

A

aka rep govt. electing officials representing a group of people rather than having a direct democracy

124
Q

Berlin conference

A

to divide africa among European nations

125
Q

congress of Vienna

A

to provide a long term peace for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the french rev wars and napol wars

126
Q

ww2 alliances

A

axis (italy, Germany, japan)

allied (Britain, us, russia)

127
Q

NATO

A

North Atlantic treaty organization. people against communism

128
Q

Warsaw Pact

A

people for Stalin / communism

world history (3 decks)

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