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BBA > Acoustics II Test > Flashcards

Acoustics II Test Flashcards

1
Q

Oscillation

A

repetitive or periodic variation, typically in time, of a wave about a central value or between two or more different states

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2
Q

Cycle

A

the time between a point on a wave and the same point on the next iteration of the wave

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3
Q

Frequency

A

the number of wave cycles that pass by each second, and is measured in Hertz (Hz)

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4
Q

Frequency range of human hearing

A

20Hz to 20,000 Hz

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5
Q

Infrasonic Sound

A

sounds below human hearing range

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6
Q

Ultrasonic Sound

A

sounds beyond human hearing range

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7
Q

Sine Wave

A
  • a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine function
  • a single frequency with no harmonics
  • considered an acoustically pure tone
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8
Q

Resonance

A

Frequency/Speed at which something naturally vibrates

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9
Q

Sympathetic Vibration

A

vibration of sound & resonance from a source that causes other objects/instruments to resonate in the same room without being physically played
- pianos, drums, sitars, etc

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10
Q

Just Intonation

A

tuning intervals as whole number ratios of frequencies

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11
Q

Equal Temperament Tuning

A

approximates just intervals by dividing an octave into steps such that the ratio of the frequencies of any adjacent pair of notes is the same
- stretched tuning

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12
Q

A 440

A

A4 (above middle C)
Concert Pitch for orchestras

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13
Q

Scales

A

major, minor, modal
western v. eastern music
(microtonal)

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14
Q

Intervals

A

the distance between two notes

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15
Q

Spectrum of pitch perception

A

Amusia - tone deaf
Relative Pitch
Absolute/Perfect Pitch

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16
Q

Consonance

A

together/with

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17
Q

Dissonance

A

clashy/unpleasant/unresolved

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18
Q

Unison

A

Same Pitch

19
Q

Beats

A

near unison but slight phasing issues, sound cuts in and out

20
Q

Harmonic Series

A

Fundamental: starting pitch
Partials: all frequencies that make up a sound
Overtone: partials that are whole number multiples of the fundamental (harmonics) (pitched or unpitched)

21
Q

Timbre

A

tone quality
balance between frequencies

22
Q

Frequency Masking

A

sounds that cover up other sounds, esp in the same freq range

23
Q

Noise

A

random sounds

24
Q

Harmonic sound

A

pitched sound

25
Q

Frequency response

A

measure of how something affects the timbre of the sound

26
Q

Fletcher-Munson Curves

A

a set of experimentally determined graphs that show how loud—in dB SPL—a sound at one frequency must be to be perceived as equally loud as a sound at another frequency

27
Q

Bandwidth (Q)

A

the width of frequencies being manipulated in an EQ
- Q control can narrow or widen this curve

28
Q

Wavelength

A

the length of the wave measured in feet
Bass - long wavelength
Treble - short wavelength

29
Q

Wavelength equation

A

Wavelength = (speed of sound)/frequency

30
Q

Speed of sound

A

1125 feet per second

31
Q

Audio Filters

A

LPF: Low Pass Filter
HPF: High Pass Filter
Band Reject: cuts out a band
Notch: narrow band reject
Resonant: emphasize/ suppress the harmonics of a frequency

32
Q

Shelving (EQ)

A

move up/down desired freq and all above/below point

33
Q

Peak/Bell (EQ)

A

cutting/boosting a chosen freq and those surrounding it, determined by Q

34
Q

Boost or cut (EQ)

A

amplify or attenuate a frequency

35
Q

Sweep or switchable (EQ)

A

Sweep - fine tuning and smooth EQ controls
Switchable - set points on EQ predetermined by manufacturer

36
Q

Active or passive (EQ)

A

Active: needs power to operate, good isolation, signal boost w/amps

Passive: no noise, reduces signal, high dynamic range

37
Q

Exciters & psychoacoustic processors

A
  • add harmonic distortion
  • change phase
  • add/subtract bass
38
Q

Pitch Processors

A

harmonizers/pitch shifters, Auto-Tune, Melodyne

39
Q

Subharmonic Synth/Bass Synth

A

generates lower octaves

40
Q

Wavelength

A

physical length of a wave
measures in feet/inches/meters

41
Q

Frequency

A

waves per unit of time (second)
Cycles per second = Hertz (Hz/kHz)

42
Q

Period (1/f)

A

how much time for a cycle
measured in seconds/milliseconds per cycle

43
Q

Speed of sound

A

Velocity of wave through a medium
767 miles per hour
1125 feet per second

BBA (4 decks)

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