Acne Flashcards
What is acne?
Chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous units
What is the pathogenesis of acne?
Poral occlusion
Bacterial colonisation of duct (P acnes)
Dermal inflammation
Increased sebum production
What are closed microcomedones more commonly called?
Whiteheads
What are open microcomedones more commonly called?
Blackheads
Give 3 reasons for an increase in sebum production related to androgen?
Increased production
Increased availability
Increased responsiveness
What is the most common bacteria to affect acne?
Propionobacterium acnes (now called Cutibacterium acnes)
Describe mild acne?
Scattered papule and pustules
Describe moderate acne?
Numerous papules, pustules and mild atrophic scarring
Describe severe acne?
As with moderate acne as well as cysts, nodules and significant scarring
Name 2 types of post acne scarring?
Atrophic - shallow or ice-pick
Hypertrophic/keloid
What is acne excoriee?
Acne where the lesions have been picked at/suffered trauma
What is the treatment for mild acne?
Topical treatment only (e.g. benzoyl peroxide, retinoids)
What is the treatment for moderate acne?
Topical treatment and oral antibiotics or Dianette(R) (cyproterone actetate) for females
What is the treatment for severe acne?
Isotretinoin (Roaccutane(R))
What is Benzoyl Peroxide?
Works as a keratolytic, anti-microbial and an anti-inflammatory - used for mild and moderate acne
What disease is common in women with acne?
PCOS
What drug can be used for woman with acne which also works as a contraceptive and has the brand name Dianette(R)?
Cyproterone actetate
What are the indications for isotretinoin (Roaccutane)?
Nodulo-cystic acne
Inadequate response to conventional therapy
Relapse after adequate antibiotics
Significant scarring
What are the sebum excretion rates like in rosacea?
Normal
What exacerbates facial flushing in rosacea?
Sudden change in temperature
Alcohol
Spicy food
Give 3 complications of rosacea?
Permanent telangiectasia from repeated flushing
Ocular inflammation
Rhinophyma
What topical antibiotic is typically used for rosacea?
Metronidazole
What drug can be used for severe rosacea?
Isotretinoin (Roaccutane)
What are the side effects of Isotretinoin (Roaccutane)?
Dry skin, lips, eyes (contact lenses) & nose(bleeds)
Skin fragility - chapping of the lips (cheilitis)
Pyogenic granuloma
Hyperlipidaemia
Abnormal liver function
Teratogenesis- contraception
Mood alteration
Arthralgia
Acne fulminans
Hair thinning
Benign intracranial hypertension ( Tetracyclines)
