Acne Flashcards
2 Clinical features of Acne vulgaris
Inflammatory pustules, papules + nodules
Non-inflammatory comedones + pseudocysts
What are singular acne lesions centred on?
Pilosebacious unit
4 contributory factors in acne pathogenesis
Sebaceous gland hyperplasia + excess sebum
Retention + accumulation of keratinocytes
Cultibacterium acnes (gram +ve)
Inflammation + immune response
Which endocrine disorder may contribute to acne vulgarisms?
Hyperandrogenism
What causes development of comedones in acne?
Obstruction of pilosebaceous unit with keratin plugs
Whitehead: closed, skin over top
Blackhead: open, exposure to air > black
3 subtypes of acne vulgaris
Comedonal: normal
Papule-pustular: deeper, more painful
Nodulo-cystic: big, painful, scarring
Tx for mild acne with inflammation?
Topical Retinoid e.g. Tretinoin
Topical Abx e.g. Clindamycin / Topical Benzoyl Peroxide
Tx for moderate-severe acne?
Topical Retinoid + Benzoyl Peroxide
Abx e.g. Lymecycline/ Doxycycline PO
Tx for severe acne? Why can only a dermatologist prescribe this?
Isotretinoin
3/12, max 12/12
Teratogenic- must do pregnancy test, recommend OCP
What are the side effects of Isotretinoin?
DR CHAT PM Dry skin Raised lipids + hepatitis Chelitis; inflammation peri-orally Headache Arthritis Teratogenicity Psychiatric effects: depression, suicidality Muscle aches
How does rosacea differ from acne?
No blackheads
Skin dry + peeling, not greasy
No scarring
4 features of rosacea
Flushing
Dilated prominent telangiectases (primarily on face)
Persistent facial erythema
Inflammatory papules + pustules on peri-orificial face.
Describe the course of rosacea
Chronic relapsing + remitting
3 triggers for rosacea
Environment: temperature/ UV
Stress
DIet: alcohol, spice
What is a common ocular manifestation of rosacea?
Foreign body sensation in eye
Tearing
Pain
Blurring of vision
