Acids Salts And Bases Flashcards
Colour of Phenolphthalein in acid
Colourless
Colour of phenolphthalein in neutral
Colourless
Colourless of phenolphthalein in alkaline
Pink
Colour of methyl orange in acid
Red
Colour of methyl orange in neutral
Orange
Colour of methyl orange in alkali
Yellow
Colour of red litmus in acid
Red
Colour of red litmus in neutral
Red
Colour of red litmus in alkali
Blue
Colour of blue litmus in acid
Red
Colour of blue litmus in neutral
Blue
Colour of blue litmus in alkali
Blue
What is an indicator
An indicator is a chemical that gives a colour change in acid, neutral or alkaline solutions
Hydrochloric acid
HCL, pH 0-2
Sulphuric acid
H2SO4, pH 0-2
Nitric acid
HNO 3
All acids contain…
Hydrogen atoms
Strong acid ___________ _____________ in water
Strong acid completely ionises in water
Weak acid _____________ ______________ in water
Weak acid partially ionises in water
Some or all of these hydrogen atoms are ….
Acidic
The acidic hydrogen atoms ionises in water to become …
Hydrogen ions
Equation for Hydrochloric acid ionising in water
HCL —> H+ + Cl -
What is a salt?
A compound formed when some or all of the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced with metal or ammonia ions
What ion is present in alkalis
Hydroxide ion
What ion is present in acids
Hydrogen
Name a strong acid
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulphuric acid
Name a weak acid
Citric acid
Name a weak alkali
Ammonia
Name a strong alkali
Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
What is a base
A substance that reacts with an acid to produce salt and water
What is an alkali
A soluble base
What do acids produce when they react
Salts
Metal + acid
Salt + hydrogen (MASH)
Metal oxide + acid
Salt + water (the oxide and the hydrogen react to give H20 or water)
Metal + hydroxide
Salt + water
Metal carbonate + water
Salt + carbon dioxide + water
Metal hydrogencarbonate + acid
Salt + carbon dioxide + water
Test for hydrogen
Will make a squeaky pop with a lighted splint
Test for carbon dioxide
Will turn limewater milky when bubbled through
Ammonia + acid
Ammonia salt
Observations during acid reactions
Solid will disappear (if acid is in excess)
Heat is released
Metals, metal carbonates and metal hydrogencarbonates will all produce gas a.k.a bubbles
Copper carbonate
Green solid
Copper oxide
Black solid
Copper sulphate
Blue solid