Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry GCSE > Acids (chemical changes) > Flashcards

Acids (chemical changes) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

What is a salt?

A

A compound formed when the hydrogen in an acid is wholly or partially replaced by metal or ammonium ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Metal + acid —>

A

salt + hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What must the metal be when reacting with an acid to produce hydrogen and a salt (in terms of reactivity)?

A

The metal must be more reactive than hydrogen in the reactivity series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can salt be gained from the reaction of a metal + acid?

A

It can be gained from evaporating water out of the solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the neutralisation reaction?

A

Acid + base —> salt + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the sum of charges in a salt?

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can a pure, dry sample of salt be made in an acid and insoluble base?

A

Crystallisation - evaporating off the water and drying with filter paper if necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain the excess method:

A

Add insoluble base to an acid and warm on a tripod + gauze
Once the base doesn’t react anymore and sits at the bottom in excess stop and filter removing excess
Boil the solution in an evaporating dish using a tripod and clay pipe triangle till crystals form around the edge of the meniscus and on the glass rod and leave it to dry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Made up of two or more substances that aren’t chemically combined together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a compound

A

Made up of two or more substances that are chemically combined together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can mixtures be seperated?

A

Filtration, crystallisation, distillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does filtration seperate?

A

Separates an insoluble solid from a solvent + things dissolved in a solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does crystallisation seperate?

A

Obtains a pure substance which is dissolved in a solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does distillation do?

A

Contains a solvent in a mixture (e.g. pure water from sea water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is needed to show an acid has reacted with an alkali?

A

An indicator to show that the acid has fully reacted with the alkali

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What colour does litmus paper go in an acid?

A

Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What colour does litmus paper go in an alkali?

A

Blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What colour does methyl orange go in an acid?

A

Pink/red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What colour does methyl orange go in an alkali?

A

Yellow

20
Q

What colour does phenolphthalein go in an acid?

A

Colourless

21
Q

What colour does phenolphthalein go in an alkali?

A

Magenta

22
Q

How can a titration collect a pure dry sample of its crystal?

A

Repeating the experiment without an indicator

23
Q

Acid + carbonate —>

A

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

24
Q

What is an acid?

A

Produces H+ ions in water

25
Q

What is a base?

A

Substances that neutralises acids

26
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A soluble base that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water

27
Q

What does the pH scale do?

A

Shows how acidic/ alkaline a solution is from a scale of 0-14

28
Q

What are solutions below pH 7?

A

Acidic

29
Q

What are solutions above pH 7?

A

Alkaline

30
Q

What are solutions at pH7?

A

Neutral (e.g. water)

31
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

Strong acids fully dissociate in water - lower pH (more H+ ions)

32
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

Weak acids partially dissociate in water - high pH (less H+ ions

33
Q

Examples of strong acids:

A

Hydrochloric acid, Nitric acid, Sulphuric acid

34
Q

Examples of weak acids:

A

Ethanoic acid, citric acid, carbonic acids

35
Q

How does the pH relate with the concentration of hydrogen ion solution?

A

When the pH decreases by one unit, the concentration increases by a scale factor of 10

36
Q

What is a concentrated acid?

A

A concentrated acid has a greater number of moles per dm^3 in water

37
Q

What is a dilute acid?

A

A dilute acid has a smaller number of moles per dm^3 in water

38
Q

Convert dm^3 into cm:

A

1dm^3 = 1000cm^3

39
Q

What is a concentrated solution?

A

A concentrated solution has more solute in the same volume of solution than a less concentrated solution

40
Q

What is a titration used for?

A

To measure accurately what volumes of acids + alkalis react together completely

41
Q

What is the end point of a titration reaction?

A

The end point of a reaction is the point between an acid and an alkaline is complete

42
Q

Explain how to do a titration:

A

Clean volumetric pipette and add alkali at 25cm^3 (at bottom of meniscus) and add to clean conical flask
Add a couple drops of indicator to conical flask
Clean burette and remove air bubbles, then add acid and record the reading at bottom of meniscus
Slowly add acid to conical flask making sure to swirl and do this till theres a colour change
Record result and repeat till there’s concordent results

43
Q

How to clean volumetric pipette and burette?

A

Rinse with distilled water and then the acid/ alkali

44
Q

How to remove air bubbles from burrette?

A

Add some acid and open the tap for a couple seconds and then close it

45
Q

What is safety precautions must be taken?

A

Wear goggles as chemicals may be harmful or irritant

46
Q

How to do titration calculation?

A

Find the mol using mol = conc. x vol
Then compare ratio of two compounds if they are different times/divide
Then find conc. using conc.= mol / vol

Chemistry GCSE (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions