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Chemistry O Level > Acids, bases & salts > Flashcards

Acids, bases & salts Flashcards

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1
Q

Acid

A

liberate H+ ions in aqueous state

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2
Q

Strong acid

A

ionises & dissociates completely to liberate all its H+ ions in aqueous state

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3
Q

Examples of strong acids

A
  • H2SO4
  • HCL
  • HNO3
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4
Q

Weak acid

A

ionises partially / slightly to liberate a small amount of its H+ ions in aqueous state

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5
Q

Examples of weak acid

A
  • citric acid
  • organic acids
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6
Q

Concentrated acids

A

contains large amount of acid but small amount of water

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7
Q

Dilute acids

A

contains small amount of acid but large amount of water

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8
Q

Properties of acids

A
  • sour taste
  • turn blue litmus paper red
  • react with metals to liberate H2 gas with effervescence
  • react with carbonates & bicarbonates to liberate CO2 gas with effervescence
  • neutralise bases ( metallic oxides & hydroxides )
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9
Q

Bases

A

oxide / hydroxide of a metal that reacts with an acid to form a salt and water only

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10
Q

Soluble metallic hydroxides ; strong alkalis

A
  • KOH
  • NaOH
  • Ba(OH)2
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11
Q

Slightly soluble metallic hydroxides ; weak alkalis

A
  • Ca(OH)2
  • Mg(OH)2
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12
Q

Insoluble metallic hydroxides

A
  • Fe(OH)2
  • Cu(OH)2
  • AgOH
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13
Q

Alkalis

A
  • soluble metallic hydroxide
  • either strong / weak
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14
Q

Strong alkali

A

ionises completely to liberate all its OH- ions

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15
Q

Weak alkali

A

ionises partially to liberate a small amount of its OH- ions

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16
Q

Properties of alkalis

A
  • bitter taste
  • turn red litmus paper blue
  • neutralise acids
  • soapy feel to touch ; react with skin
  • strong alkalis -> caustic alkalis ; corrode certain materials
  • can liberate ammonia gas when heated with any ammonium salt
17
Q

Neutralisation reaction

A

reaction between acid & base to form a salt & water only

18
Q

Salts

A

chemical containing a cation & anion which is derived from an acid

  • also defined as chemical in which the hydrogen ion of an acid has been replaced by a metallic ion or ammonium ion
19
Q

Normal salt

A

all the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a metal

20
Q

Acid salt

A

not all the hydrogen of an acid is replaced by a metal

  • formed from dibasic & tribasic acids
21
Q

Preparation of salts

A

Soluble salts -> crystallisation
Insoluble salts -> precipitation / double decomposition

22
Q

Soluble & insoluble salts in water

A
  • all nitrates are soluble
  • all salts of K, Na & NH4 are soluble
  • all sufates are soluble except those of Ba, Ca, Pb
  • all halides ( chlorides, bromides , iodides ) are soluble except those of Pb & Ag
  • all carbonates are insoluble except those of K, Na & NH4
23
Q

Preparation of K, Na & NH4 salts

A

by titration method using a suitable salt& alkali
( neutralisation reaction )

24
Q

Preparation of other soluble salts

A

prepared by adding excess of one of these substances to the appropriate dilute acid :
- Metal
- Metallic oxide
- Metallic hydroxide
- Metallic carbonate

25
Q

Preparation of insoluble salts

A

choose 2 soluble reagents ( one can be an acid )
- insoluble salt formed by precipitation reaction

26
Q

Types of oxides

A
  • basic oxides
  • acidic oxides
  • amphoteric oxides
  • neutral oxides
27
Q

Basic oxides

A

oxides of metals

  • those soluble in water dissolve to form alkalis
28
Q

Acidic oxides

A

oxides of non-metals

  • all dissolve in water to form acids
  • all react with alkalis to form a salt & water only
29
Q

Amphoteric oxides

A

metallic oxides having both basic & acidic properties

  • react with acids to form salts & water
  • react with alkalis to form salts & water
30
Q

Neutral oxides

A

non-metallic oxides having neither basic nor acidic properties ; they react neither with acids nor alkalis

31
Q

Water of crystallisation

A

salts combining with water molecules to form hydrated crystals

32
Q

Anhydrous salts

A

do not contain water of crystallisation ; often powdery

Chemistry O Level (16 decks)

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