Acids, bases & salts

Question 1

Acids

Answer 1

a substance that dissolves in water, producing an aqueous solution containing H+ ions as the only positive ion
It is the H+ donor

Question 2

Alkali

Answer 2

A soluble base that produces aqueous solutions containing OH- ions

Question 3

Base

Answer 3

A substance that neutralizes acid, producing salt and water as the products.
It is the H+ acceptor

Question 4

Base + Ammonium salt → ?

Answer 4

Base + Ammonium salt → salt + Ammonia gas + water

Question 5

Reactivity series

Answer 5

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen
Copper

Question 6

Rule of reaction between Acid + Metal

Answer 6

The metal must be more reactive than hydrogen so it can displace hydrogen from the acid

Question 7

Acid +Metal → ?

Answer 7

Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen

Question 8

Common Acids

Answer 8

Hydrochloric acid - HCl
Sulfuric acid - H2SO4
Nitric acid - HNO3

Question 9

If the reaction includes Hydrochloric acid…

Answer 9

… the salt ends with chloride

Question 10

If the reaction includes Sulfuric acid…

Answer 10

…the salt ends with sulfate

Question 11

Soluble bases

Answer 11

Sodium hydroxide - NaOH
Potassium hydroxide - KOH
Calcium hydroxide - CaOH
Ammonia solution - NH3

Question 12

Insoluble bases

Answer 12

Iron (ii) oxide - Fe2O3
Copper (ii) oxide - CuO
Lead (ii) oxide - PbO
Magnesium oxide - MgO

Question 13

Acid + Soluble Base → ?

Answer 13

Acid + Soluble Base → salt + water

Question 14

Acid + Insoluble Base → ?

Answer 14

Acid + Insoluble Base → salt + water

Question 15

Acid + Carbonate → ?

Answer 15

Acid + Carbonate → salt + CO2 + Water

Question 16

Base + ammonium salt → ?

Answer 16

Base + ammonium salt → salt + ammonia gas + water

Question 17

neutralization reaction

Answer 17

occurs between an acid and a base

Question 18

neutralization reaction between an acid and an alkali

Answer 18

H+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H2O(l)

Question 19

Acid indicators

Answer 19

blue litmus - red
methyl orange indicator - red
Phenolphthalein & Thymolphthalein -colorless
Universal indicator - Red

Question 20

Alkali indicators

Answer 20

red litmus - blue
methyl orange indicator - yellow
Phenolphthalein - Pink
Thymolphthalein - Blue
Universal indicator - Blue/Purple

Question 21

Strong acid

Answer 21

An acid that is completely dissociated in an aqueous solution

Question 22

Weak acid

Answer 22

An acid that is partially dissociated in an aqueous solution

Question 23

Examples of strong acids

Answer 23

Hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid
> HCl(aq) → H+(aq) + Cl–(aq)
> HNO3(aq) → H+(aq) + NO3-(aq)
> H2SO4(aq) → H+(aq) = SO4 2-(aq)

Question 24

Examples of weak acids

Answer 24

carboxylic acids
> ethanoic acid,
CH3COOH(aq) ⇌ H+(aq) + CH3COO–(aq)
> H2CO3(aq) ⇌ H+(aq) + HCO-3(aq)
> NH4OH(aq) ⇌ NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)