ACIDS/BASES | REACTION RATES | DIATOMIC PARTICLES Lessons 1/6/10/11

Question 1

What are the 5 factors affecting reaction rates? (Go in more detail about these 5)

Answer 1

1. Temperature (hotter = faster reaction, colder = slower reaction)
2. Volume and Pressure (volume increase, pressure decrease. vice versa)
3. Concentration (larger concentration = faster reaction)
4. Surface Area (bigger surface area = faster reaction)
5. Catalyst (a “helper substance” that makes a faster reaction without getting used up itself)

Question 2

What are the 7 diatomic particles (elements that can only exist as 2 particles?)

Answer 2

H ₂ - Hydrogen
N ₂ - Nitrogen
F ₂ - Fluorine
O ₂ - Oyxgen
I ₂ - Iodine
Cl ₂ - Chlorine
Br ₂ - Bromine

Question 3

Bromothymol blue in acid and base

Answer 3

Acid: Yellow, Base: Blue

Question 4

Litmus in acid and base

Answer 4

Acid: Red, Base: Blue

Question 5

Phenolphthalein in acid and base

Answer 5

Acid: Colourless, Base: Pink

Question 6

Properties of acids vs. Properties of bases

Answer 6

Acids: taste sour, rough feeling, corrosive, conduct electricity

Bases: taste bitter, feel slippery, corrosive, conduct electricity

Question 7

Ionization vs Dissociation

Do acids ionize or dissociate?

Do bases ionize or dissociate?

Answer 7

Ionization: produces ions from a neutral compound (ex. HCl)

Dissociation: separations of ions in an ionic compound (ex. NaOH)

Acids ionize, bases dissociate

Question 8

Acid vs. Base

Answer 8

Acid: A compound that can donate a proton, H+(aq), when dissolved in water.

Base: A compound that can produce hydroxide ions OH-(aq) in aqueous solutions.

Question 9

Types of Acids:

Answer 9

Binary Acid - Composed of hydrogen and a single non-metal

Oxoacid - Composed of hydrogen, oxygen, and another element
(usually a polyatomic ion)

Question 10

What is the pH scale?

What do the numbers on the pH scale mean?

What does “pH scale is logarithmic” mean? Give an example or two.

Answer 10

pH (power of hydrogen) = Measure of acid or base

• pH < 7 is an acid (more H+ in solution)
• pH = 7 is neutral (same H+ & OH-)
• pH >7 is a base (more OH- in solution)

pH scale is logarithmic!
Every pH level is 10x more concentrated than the level
above.
i.e. pH 4 is 10x more concentrated than pH 5
pH 3 is 100x more concentrated than pH 5