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Chemistry Me > Acids, Bases, & Buffers > Flashcards

Acids, Bases, & Buffers Flashcards

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1
Q

An electron pair acceptor

A

A lewis acid

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2
Q

A lewis base

A

An electron pair donor

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3
Q

A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a

A

proton donor (H+)

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4
Q

A Bronsted-Lowry base is a

A

proton acceptor (H+)

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5
Q

What is Lipinski’s Rule of 5?

A
  1. Not more than 5 hydrogen bond donors
  2. Not more than 10 hydrogen bond acceptors
  3. A molecular weight under 500 Da
  4. A C log P value under 5.0
  • ClogP range -3 - +5. (-) values = more hydrophilic, (+) values more lipophilic
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6
Q

What is Lipinski’s Rule of 5 used to determine?

A

Violations of >1 rule decrease the likelihood of oral bioavailability

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7
Q

Kb represents

A

Base dissociation constant

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8
Q

What is the solubility of CO2 in blood?

A

0.03

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9
Q

Ka represents

A

acid dissociation constant

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10
Q

HCL

A

Strong acid. Hydrochloric acid

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11
Q

HBr

A

Strong acid. hydrobromic acid

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12
Q

HI

A

Strong acid. Hydroiodic acid

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13
Q

HNO3

A

Strong acid. Nitric acid

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14
Q

HCLO4

A

strong acid. perchloric acid

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15
Q

H2SO4

A

strong acid. sulfuric acid

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16
Q

List the 6 strong acids, name, and chemical formula

A
  1. Hydrochloric acid HCL
  2. Hydrobromic acid HBr
  3. Hydroiodic acid HI
  4. Nitric acid HNO3
  5. Perchloric acid HCLO4
  6. Sulfuric acid H2SO4

(Note 3 are halogens and 3 are polyatomic ions H+)

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17
Q

Strong acids have _____ conjugate bases

A

weak

18
Q

Weak acids have ______ conjugate bases

A

strong

19
Q

Strong bases have ______ conjugate acids

A

weak

20
Q

Weak bases have _____ conjugate acids

A

strong

21
Q

Strong acids and bases fully _____ when dissolved in _____

A

ionize; water

22
Q

LiOH

A

Strong base. lithium hydroxide

23
Q

NaOH

A

strong base. sodium hydroxide

24
Q

KOH

A

strong base. potassium hydroxide

25
Q

Sr(OH)2

A

strong base. strontium hydroxide

26
Q

Ca(OH)2

A

strong base. calcium hydroxide

27
Q

Ba(OH)2

A

Strong base. Barium hydroxide

28
Q

List the 6 strong bases, name, and chemical formula

A
  1. Lithium hydroxide LiOH
  2. Sodium hydroxide NaOH
  3. Potassium hydroxide KOH
  4. Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
  5. Strontium hydroxide Sr(OH)2
  6. Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2

Note: notice that these bases all come from group 1 and 2
Group 1 and 2 are also called alkali metals and alkali earth metals

29
Q

Acid strength is actually relative and depends on the ability of the group to give up a _____

A

proton (H+)

30
Q

If given Ka values _____ values are more acidic.

If given pKa values _____ values are more acidic.

A

Larger; smaller

31
Q

Buffers are solutions that contain _____

A

a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid

32
Q

Each buffer has a limit to the amount of acid/base that can be added before the buffer loses its ability to resist change. This is called _____. When has capacity been reached?

A

Buffer capacity. Capacity when pH changes + or - 1 pH point

33
Q

The three main buffer systems of the human body are _____

A
  1. Bicarbonate buffer system
  2. Phosphate buffer system
  3. Protein buffer system
34
Q

Blood pH is balanced by controlling levels of ____ by the ____ system and ____ by the ____

A

CO2; respiratory; H+; kidneys

35
Q

The majority of local anesthetics are weak bases; therefore, those drugs with a pKa closer to _____ will exist in the more lipid-soluble unionized form. This will allow them to better cross the axonal membrane to initiate onset.

A

physiological pH (7.4)

36
Q

What is the term for waters ability to act as an acid or base?

A

Amphoteric

37
Q

When a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system will adjust to re-establish equilibrium.

A

LeChatelier’s Principle

38
Q

What 2 factors control the charge of a drug?

A
  1. Ph of the solution
  2. Pka of the drug
39
Q

Which factor dictates the movement of acid/base drugs across the cell membrane?

A

Charge

40
Q

True or false: acids in a basic environment prefer their deprotonated form?

A

True

41
Q

Weak Bases include elements _____, _____, and _____.

A

Mg, N, transition metals

42
Q

Weak acids include _____, _____, and _____.

A

Carbon, fluorine, phosphorus

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