Acids Bases Buffers Flashcards

1
Q

Bronsted-Lowry Acid definition

A

Proton Donor

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2
Q

Bronsted-Lowry Base definition

A

proton acceptor

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3
Q

Kw

A

Kw = conc H+ x conc OH-

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4
Q

value of Kw at 298 K

A

1.0 x 10-14

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5
Q

what physical factors affect value of Kw

A

temperature only
if temperature is increased, the equilibrium moves to the right so Kw increases and the pH of pure water decreases

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6
Q

why is pure water still neutral even if pH does not equal 7

A

conc. H+ = conc. OH-

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7
Q

give an expression for pH in terms of H+

A

pH = -log10[H+]

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8
Q

what is the relationship between pH and [H+]

A

lower pH = higher [H+]

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9
Q

if two solutions have a pH difference of one what is the difference in [H+]

A

factor of 10

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10
Q

how do you find [H+] from pH

A

[H+] = 10 to the power of -pH

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11
Q

what is the difference when finding [H+] from concentration of diprotic and triprotic acids

A

need to multiply concentration of acid by number of protons to find [H+]

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12
Q

how do you calculate the pH of a strong alkaline solution

A

use Kw to calculate [H+] from [OH-]
use pH=-log[H+]

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13
Q

define strong acid

A

fully dissociates in water

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14
Q

define strong base

A

fully dissociates in water

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15
Q

what is the difference between concentrated and strong

A

concentrated means many mol per dm^3
strong refers to amount of dissociation

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16
Q

what is a weak acid and weak base definition

A

do not fully dissociate in water
partially dissociate

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17
Q

examples of strong acid

A

HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4

18
Q

examples of strong bases

A

NaOH, CaCO3, Na2CO3

19
Q

examples of weak acids

A

CH3COOH (any organic acids)

20
Q

example of weak bases

A

NH3

21
Q

what is Ka

A

Ka= [H+][A-] / [HA]

22
Q

what is a titration

A

addition of an acid/base of known titration to base/acid of unknown titration to determine the concentration
indicator used to show neutralisation has occurred, as is a pH meter

23
Q

equivalence point definition

A

point at which exact volume of base has been added to just neutralise base

24
Q

what generally happens to pH of solution around equivalence point

A

there is a large and rapid change in pH, except in the weak-weak titration

25
Q

what is the end point

A

volume of acid or alkali added when the indicator just changes colour. if the right indicator is chosen, equivalence point= end point

26
Q

3 properties of a good indicator

A

sharp colour change (not gradual)

end point must be same as equivalence point

distinct colour change

27
Q

indicators for a strong acid - strong base titration

A

phenolphthalein or methyl orange

phenolphthalein has a clearer colour change though

28
Q

indicator for a strong acid - weak base titration

A

methyl orange

29
Q

indicator for a strong base-weak acid titration

A

phenolphthalein

30
Q

indicator for weak acid - weak base titration

A

neither methyl orange or phenolphthalein as neither give a sharp change at the end point

31
Q

methyl orange
- colour in acid
- colour in alkali
- at what pH does the colour change

A

red in acid
yellow in alkali
changes at p = 4-5 (approx same as pKa value)

32
Q

phenolphthalein
- colour in acid
- colour in alkali
- at what pH does the colour change

A

colourless in acid
red in alkali
changes about pH = 9-10 (approx same as pKa value)

33
Q

what is the half-neutralisation point

A

when volume = half the volume that has been added at the equivalence point

34
Q

define buffer solution

A

solution that can resist changes in pH when small amount of acid/alkali are added

35
Q

what do acidic buffer solutions contain in general terms

A

a weak acid and a soluble salt of the acid that fully dissociates

36
Q

write a reaction for an acidic buffer with added acid

A

A- + H+ –> HA
opposes addition of H+

37
Q

write a reaction for an acidic buffer with added alkali

A

HA + OH- –> H2O + A-

38
Q

how else can you achieve an acidic buffer solution other than just mixing the constituents

A

neutralise half of a weak acid (acid must be in excess) with an alkali forming a weak acid/soluble salt mixture

39
Q

what do basic buffer solutions contain in general terms

A

weak base and soluble salt of that weak base

40
Q

how can you calculate the pH of buffer solutions

A

use the Ka of the weak acid, sub in [A-] and [HA] to calculate [H+] then calculate pH

41
Q

how can you calculate the new pH of a buffer solution when acid or base is added

A

calculate number of moles of H+ and A- and HA before acid or base is added. use equations to work out new moles of A- and HA and find [H+] then pH

42
Q

which buffer system maintains blood pH at 7.4? what happens when acid/alkali is added?

A

H+ + HCO3 - <—-> CO2 + H2O

add OH- –> reacts with h+ to form H2O, then shifts equilibrium left to restore H+ lost

add H+ –> equilibrium shifts to the right, removing excess H+