Acids, Bases and Salts - Neutralisation Flashcards
Simple definition of an Acid
Acids are substances with a pH below 7
Simple definition of a Base
Bases are substances with a pH above 7
Simple definition of an Alkali
Alkalis are soluble bases
What does the pH scale measure and what is the range?
the pH scale measures acidity. Most substances have a pH between 0 and 14
The pH of an acid
pH 1-6
The pH of a neutral substance
pH 7
The pH of a base
pH 8-14
The colours of a strong acid and weak acid in Universal Indicator
Strong Acid - Red, Weak Acid - Orange/Yellow
The colours of a Strong base and weak base in Universal Indicator
Strong Base - Purple, Weak Base - Blue
Neutralisation
The reaction of an acid with a base
Metal + Acid
Salt + Hydrogen
Base + Acid
Salt + Water
Metal + Carbonate
Metal + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Test for Hydrogen
Lighted splint, gas ignites with a squeaky pop
Test for Carbon Dioxide
Bubble gas through limewater, the limewater turns cloudy
Test for Oxygen
Oxygen gas reignites a glowing splint
Zinc + Sulphuric Acid
Zinc Sulphate + Hydrogen
Copper Oxide + Sulphuric Acid
Copper Sulphate + Water
Magnesium Oxide + Nitric Acid
Magnesium Nitrate + Water
Magneisum + Hydrochloric Acid
Magnesium Chloride + Hydrogen
Examples of very reactive metals
Potassium, Sodium, Calcium (produced by electrolysis)
Examples of reactive metals
Magnesium, Aluminium (produced by electrolysis)
Examples of low reactivity metals
Zinc, Iron, Tin (can be reduced by Carbon)
Examples of very low reactivity (inert) metals
Copper, Silver, Gold (found uncombined in nature)
