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Chemistry > Acids, Bases and Salts > Flashcards

Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards

*does not include the different steps of salt preparation

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1
Q

what is an acid?

A

a substance that can donate a proton to another substance

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2
Q

what is a base?

A

a substance that can accept a proton from another substance

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3
Q

what are alkali?

A

soluble bases that produce hydroxides in water

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4
Q

what are some common strong and weak acids?

A

strong acids:
- hydrochloric acid
- sulfuric acid
- nitric acid
weak acids:
- phosphoric acid
- carbonic acid
- ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)

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5
Q

what are some common strong and weak alkali?

A

strong alkali:
- sodium hydroxide
- potassium hydroxide
- calcium hydroxide (limewater)
weak alkali:
- aqueous ammonia (NH3)

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6
Q

definition of a strong acid?

A

acid that dissociates fully in solution to give protons

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7
Q

definition of a weak acid?

A

acid that dissociates partially in solution to give protons

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8
Q

definition of a strong base?

A

base that dissociates fully to give hydroxide ions

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9
Q

definition of a weak base?

A

base that dissociates partially to give hydroxide ions

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10
Q

what is the strength of an acid?

A

the extent of dissociation of the acid in solution

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11
Q

what is the concentration of an acid?

A

the number of moles per unit volume of acid initially put in the solution before dissociation takes place

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12
Q

what is the definition of pH?

A

negative logarithm to the base 10 of the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution in mol dm-3

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13
Q

colors of the universal indicator at 25 degrees celsius?

A

red: 0-2
orange: 3-4
yellow: 5-6
green: 7
blue-green: 8-10
blue: 11-12
violet: 13-14

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14
Q

chemical equation for the Haber Process?

A

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) <-> 2NH3 (g)

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15
Q

operating conditions for the Haber Process?

A
  • high pressure of 250 atm
  • temperature at 450 degrees celsius
  • iron catalyst
  • mole ratio of N2:H2 is 1:3
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16
Q

elements in which group give what type of oxides?

A

basic oxides: groups 1 and 2, groups of metal elements
acidic oxides: groups 14, 15 and 16, groups of non-metal elements

17
Q

what makes amphoteric and neutral bases special?

A
  • amphoteric bases react with both acid and bases but do not react with water
  • neutral bases do not react with acids nor bases
18
Q

chemical equation of silicon dioxide reacting with molten hot sodium hydroxide?

A

SiO2 (s) + molten NaOH (l) (350 degrees celsius)-> Na2SiO3 (l) + H2O (g)

19
Q

chemical equation of aluminium oxide reacting with a base? (*)

A

Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O -> 2NaAl(OH)4

20
Q

chemical equation of aluminium oxide reacting with an acid?

A

Al2O3 + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O

21
Q

examples of amphoteric oxides?

A
  • aluminium oxide
  • lead(II) oxide
  • zinc oxide
22
Q

examples of neutral oxides?

A
  • carbon monoxide (CO)
  • water (H2O)
  • nitric oxide (NO)
  • nitrous oxide (N2O)
23
Q

salts with what cations are always soluble in water?

A
  • group 1 cation
  • ammonium
24
Q

salts with what anions are always soluble in water?

A

nitrate anion

25
Q

halide (other than fluorine) salts are all soluble in water except for..?

A
  1. lead(II) halide
  2. silver halide
26
Q

sulfate salts are all soluble in water except for..?

A
  1. calcium sulfate
  2. lead(II) sulfate
  3. barium sulfate
27
Q

carbonate salts, oxides and hydroxides are all insoluble in water except for salts with..?

A
  • group 1 cation
  • ammonium
28
Q

process of neutralization?

A

acid + base -> salt + water

29
Q

process of acid-metal reaction?

A

metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen gas

30
Q

process of acid-carbonate reaction?

A

carbonate + acid -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

31
Q

what metals to avoid using for acid-metal reactions and why?

A
  • group 1 metals as they react very violently
  • copper, silver and gold metals as they are not reactive at all
32
Q

process of acid-ammonia reaction?

A

acid + ammonia -> ammonium salt

33
Q

chemical equation of an ammonium salt with a base?

A

ammonium salt + base (warm)-> salt + water + ammonia gas

Chemistry (6 decks)

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