Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards
Acid examples
(Sour taste)
Citrus fruits, vinegar, tomato, tamarind, amla
How is citric acid good
It helps to deal with skin issues like acne and dead skin cells
Bad for GERD people
They’re Rich in Vitamins and Plant Compounds. …
They’re a Good Source of Fiber. …
Citrus Fruits Are Low in Calories. …
They May Reduce Your Risk of Kidney Stones. …
They May Help Fight or Protect Against Cancer. …
They Contain Nutrients That Boost Heart Health.
Types of acids
Organic and Mineral
Organic acids have high pH levels
Mineral acids have low pH levels, and cause high burning sensation
Lactic acids
Milk and curd
Citric acids
Lemon and orange
Malic acids
Apple
Tartaric acids
Tamarind, unripe mango
Oxalic acids
Tomatoes
ascorbic acid
Amla
Concentrated and dilute
high amount acid and low acid
Strong acids
chloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydroiodic acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, and sulfuric acid
Weak acids
acetic acid (vinegar), lactic acid, citric acid, and phosphoric acid
Dilution of acids
They cause exothermic reactions which break glass and splash around, high amount of heat is produced.
It is 1st put into the water to dilute it, its put into the water slowly. ACID PUT INTO WATER NOT VICA VERDSA
Oxyacids
Hydracids
H+O molecules
H+anything but O molecules
Hydrocyanic acid for the above
H+ion
Acids produce these things in water, strong acids do more, weak acids do less
Dibasic and Monobasic
Produce 2 H+ions per molecule
Produce 1 H+ion per molecule
Properties of acids
Sour
Corrosive(burning effect)
Soluble in water
React with active metal(these have high reactivity)
Reacts with carbonates to form salt, water, and CO2
Reacts with bases to form salt and water
Generally stored in glass as it makes metals corrodes
Preparation of acids
Dissolving Oxides of non-metals like co2 and everything ending with dioxide in water
Cells in our body
Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA
Fatty acids
imp components of cell membrane
Bases
Hydroxides and oxides of metals
bitter
soapy feel
base+acid=water+salt(neutralisation)
Bases soluble in water
Alkalis
Copper, magnesium and aluminum hydroxides
They ain’t alkalis as they partially soluble and are weak bases
Strong and weak bases
cause burning effect and don’t cause burning effect
preprations of bases
Some metals heated in O2 give oxides and then placed in water give hydroxides of metals.
some active metals like sodium and potassium react with cold water to form hydroxides
Indicators
weak acids or bases that help us test if a substance is more acidic or basic
NATURAL INDICATRS
CHINA ROSE
TURMERIC
LITMUS
red cabbage
Litmus
MOST COMMONLY USED
obtained from lichens
used in solution of water
paper(blue and red paper)
Turmeric
yellow tumreric in water
china rose
chine rose petals in water
red cabbage
purple colored
boiled red cabbage in water
Synthetic indicators
artifical indicators
phenlphthalein
colorless indicator used in lab
methyl
orange-pink colored indicator
Neutralisation
acid+base=salt+water
heat is evolved
Agirculture
Too much acid due to fertilizer
base is added()slaked lime
soil becomes too basic then organic matter is added to soil, when decomposed realsess acids
indegestion
too much acid is bad for the linings in the stomach hence we take antacid like milk of magnesia
remedy for sting
all stings contain citrus acid
bases= baking soda or calamine solution
alkali in wasp sting=vinger neutralize
tooth decay
toothpaste contain base alkalis
treatment of sewage water
base is treated before dumped in water to protect aqua life
regaining shine of tarnished copper articles
copper articles get tarnished due to basic copper carbonates which can be removed by rubbing lemon
SALTS
don’t contain replaceable h or oh= normal salts, sodium chloride and ammonium acetate
acidic salts
incomplete neutralization of acid by base, ammonium chloride
basic
vice versa, sodium acetate
birth of salts
acid+base
acid+metal
action of dilute acids on metal hydroxides, metal carbonates and metallic oxides
salts properties
high melting point(mostly)
good conductors
some soluble, some not soluble
pH scale
pH- potenz hydrogen ion concentration
0-14
high pH=more basic
low pH= more acidic
ph paper- universal indicator
the change in color is matched with the color on pH chart
