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y3 chemistry > acids, bases and salts > Flashcards

acids, bases and salts Flashcards

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1
Q

definition of an acid

A

an acid is a substance which dissociates in water/aqueous solutions to give hydrogen ions. all acids contain H+ ions.

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2
Q

what do pure acid exist as?

A

simple covalent molecules.

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3
Q

only when does an acid exhibit acid properties?

A

when dissolved in water -> dissociation -> presence of water.

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4
Q

definition of the basicity of an acid?

A

basicity of an acid is the maximum number of hydrogen ions produced by one molecule of the acid when the acid molecule dissociates in water.

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5
Q

what are three strong acids?

A

hydrochloric acid (HCI) sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3)

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6
Q

what are the two weak acids?

A

ethanols acids (CH3COOH) and carbonic acids (H2CO3)

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7
Q

what does the strength of an acid depend on?

A

strength of an acid depends on the extent of dissociation/ionisation of the acid molecules in water/aqueous solution.

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8
Q

a strong acid ______ dissociates in water while a weak acid _____ dissociates in water.

A

a strong acid completely dissociates in water while a weak acid partially dissociates in water.

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9
Q

what is the concentration of a solution?

A

the concentration of a solution is a measure of how much solute has dissolved in 1dm3 of the solution.

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10
Q

what is the unit for concentration?

A

mol/dm3.

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11
Q

what are the four physical properties of acids.

A
  1. sour
  2. turns blue litmus paper red
  3. pH < 7
  4. can conduct electricity
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12
Q

chemical properties of acids

A

they react with reactive metals, metal (hydrogen) carbonates and bases (metal oxides/hydroxides).

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13
Q

what are the soluble salts?

A
  • sodium, potassium, ammonium and group 1 salts
  • nitrate salts
  • sulfate salts (except Ba, Ca, Pb)
  • chloride salts (except Ag, Pb)
  • carbonate salts (Na, K2, (NH4)2)
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14
Q

what are some soluble oxides?

A

Na2O, K2O, BaO, CaO, group 1 metals

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15
Q

what are some soluble hydroxides?

A

NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2, group 1 metals

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16
Q

what are the three non-reactive metals?

A

Cu, Ag, Au.

17
Q

acid + metal - > ?

A

salt + hydrogen.

18
Q

acid + metal carbonate -> ?

A

salt + carbon dioxide + water.

19
Q

what is the chemical formula of limewater?

A

Ca(OH)2

20
Q

why is white precipitate seen when carbon dioxide is passed into limewater?

A

carbon dioxide gas (acidic gas) reacts with limewater (alkali) to give calcium carbonate, an insoluble salt which appears as a white precipitate.

21
Q

what is a base?

A

a base is a substance that reacts with an acid to form salt and water only.

22
Q

what are alkalis?

A

alkalis are bases that dissociate in water to produce hydroxide ions.

23
Q

what are the five alkalis we have to know?

A
  1. aqueous sodium hydroxide
  2. aqueous potassium hydroxide
  3. aqueous calcium hydroxide
  4. aqueous ammonia
  5. aqueous barium hydroxide (weak)
24
Q

a strong alkali _____ dissociates in water to give hydroxide ions
a weak alkali ________ dissociates in water to give hydroxide ions

A

a strong alkali completely dissociates in water to give hydroxide ions.
a weak alkali partially dissociates in water to give hydroxide ions.

25
Q

base + acid ->?

A

salt + water (neutralisation)

26
Q

alkali + ammonium salt -> ?

A

salt + ammonia gas + water.

27
Q

what reaction is used to test for cations?

A

precipitation reaction.

28
Q

what happens in the precipitation reaction?

A

aqueous solution containing metal ions + alkali (metal hydroxide solution) -> insoluble metal hydroxide (precipitate) + salt

29
Q

what is pH?

A

pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity in aqueous solution.

30
Q

what does pH measure?

A

pH measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in the aqueous solution.

31
Q

the more ____ the solution, the ____ the concentration of hydrogen ions

A

the more acidic the solution,the higher the concentration of hydrogen ions.

32
Q

what is an indicator?

A

an indicator is an organic compound which changes in colour in accordance with the pH of the solution

y3 chemistry (3 decks)

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