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Chemistry > Acids, Bases and Salts > Flashcards

Acids, Bases and Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an acid?

A

a substance containing hydrogen that can be replaced by a metal to for a salt

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2
Q

What is an acid salt?

A

A salt that is formed when the H+ ions in an acid are only partially replaced by metal or ammonium ions

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3
Q

An acid salt id formed when only some of the H+ ions in an acid are replaced a metal ion or ____________

A

NH4+ Ions

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4
Q

A ___________ salt is formed when all the hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced by _________ or _________

A

Normal salt

metal ion

Ammonium ion

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5
Q

What is the Basicity of an acid?

A

The number of protons produced per molecule of acid when dissolved in water

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6
Q

what are the main chemical reactions of acids in aqueous solution?

A

acids react with reactive metals to form a salt and hydrogen
acids react with bases to form salt and water
acids react with metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates to form a salt, water and CO2

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7
Q

Acids except ________ react with metals above hydrogen in the reactivity series to produce salt and hydrogen

A

HNO3

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8
Q

What are acid anhydrides

A

compound that reacts with water to form an acid

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9
Q

name 4 examples of acid anydrides

A

carbon dioxide
sulphur dioxide
sulphur trioxide
nitrogen dioxide

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10
Q

what is a base?

A

a proton acceptor

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11
Q

when bases react with acids the _________ or ________ ions from the base accept the protons from the __________ to form water

A

Oxide(O2-)

OH-

Acid

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12
Q

what is an alkali

A

a soluble base that dissolves in water to form a solution that contains OH- ions

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13
Q

most bases are ________ and as a result most are not __________

A

insoluble

alkalis

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14
Q

what are the chemical reactions of bases

A

react with acids to form salt and water
react with ammoniums salts to form salt, water and ammonia

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15
Q

Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2NH4Cl (s) gives ________

A

MgCl2(s) + 2H20(l) + 2HN3(g)

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16
Q

CaO(s) + (NH4)2SO4 ——->

A

CaSO4(s) + H20(l) + NH3(g)

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17
Q

Name 4 indicators

A

litmus
phenolpthalein
methyl orange
screened methyl orange

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18
Q

a ____________ is fully ionised when dissolved in water to produce H+ ions.

A

strong acid

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19
Q

a ____________ is fully ionised when dissolved in water to produce OH- ions.

A

strong base

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20
Q

example of a base that is partially ionized when dissolved in water

A

NH3

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21
Q

definition of a weak base

A

partially ionises when dissolved in water

22
Q

these react with both acids and strong alkalis to form salt and water

A

amphoteric oxides or hydroxides

23
Q

which of the following metals will form amphoteric bases?

Zn

Ca

Ba

Pb

Hg

Al

Cu

Ag

A

Zn

Pb

Al

24
Q

the 4 main groups of oxides are:

A

acidic oxides
basic oxides
amphoteric oxides
neutral oxides

25
Q

acidic oxides react with (1)_________ to form salt and water. They also react with (2)__________ to form acids and therefore are called (3)___________. They are oxides of (4)_____________.

A

alkalis
water
acid anhydrides
non-metals

26
Q

Na2O is an example of a (1) ____________ but is also a (2)_____________. It reacts with

(3)__________ to form salt an water.

A

basic oxide
alkali
acids

27
Q

basic oxides are oxides of _________

A

metals

28
Q

Neutral oxides are oxides of some (1)____________ which do not react with (2)_____________ or (3)_________. examples of neutral oxides are(4)_______________

A

non-metals
acids
alkalis
CO, NO, N2O

29
Q

definition of a salt

A

substance formed when some or all of the H+ ions in an acid have been replaced by metal or ammonium ions

30
Q

a salt is substance formed when some or all of the (1)_______ ions in an (2)_________ have been replaced by metal or (3)_________ions

A

H+
acid
NH4-

31
Q

the main methods of preparing salts are:

A

reaction with acids

direct combination

precipitation reactions

32
Q

when preparing a soluble salt these two general methods are used:

A

reaction with acids
direct combination

33
Q

when acids are used to prepare salts these are the possible reactions:

A

acid + alkali - titration

acid + reactive metal

acid + insoluble base

acid + insoluble carbonate

34
Q

an insoluble salt is produced by :

A

ionic precipitation

35
Q

when producing an anhydrous soluble chloride this method is used

A

direct combination

36
Q

salt preparation by direct combination is a reaction between (1)___________ and a (2) ____________

A

chlorine gas
reactive metal

37
Q

what is the formula for baking soda and what kind of salt is it?

A

NaHCO3

it is an acid salt

38
Q

NaCl is used for

A

flavouring and food preservative

39
Q

used to preserve meats such as bacon and ham by destroying bacteria. Also adds flavour and colour. Often used with NaCl

A

Sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate

40
Q

a use of CaCO3 is:

A

to manufacture cement

41
Q

another name for CaCO3

A

limestone

42
Q

this salt can lead to hypertension if consumed in excess

A

NaCl

43
Q

what is a neutralization reaction?

A

reaction between acid and base to form salt and water

44
Q

The (1)_________ or (2) _____________ of a neutralization reaction is when all of the OH- and H+ ions have been used up

A

neutralization point
end point

45
Q

The neutralization point or end point of a neutralization reaction is when all of the (1) ___________ and (2)___________ ions have been used up and the final solution has a pH of (3)___________

A

OH-
H+
7

46
Q

2 ways of determining the end point of a neutralization reaction

A

using an indicator
using temperature change

47
Q

key point to remember when determining the concentration of an aqueous alkali solution:

A

react it with a known amount of standard aqueous acid solution

48
Q

key point to remember when determining the concentration of an aqueous acid solution:

A

react it with a known amount of standard alkali solution

49
Q

water of chrystalization is defined as __________

A

a fixed proportion of water molecules held in the crystal lattice of a salt

50
Q

Acid Reacts with reactiv metals produce:

A

Salt + hydrogen

51
Q

General Properties of Aqueous alkalis

A

they have a bitter tatse
They change red litmus to blue’they have a pH value of more than 7
they are corrosive
they are relectroyles,conduct eletrci current

52
Q

Neural acids have a ph of

A

7

Chemistry (9 decks)

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