Acids, Bases, and Salts Flashcards by Sherlock Okamoto

What are the products when an acid
reacts with a metal?

acid + metal → salt + hydrogen

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What are the products when an acid
reacts with a metal oxide?

acid + metal oxide → salt + water

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What are the products when an acid
reacts with a metal hydroxide?

acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water

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What are the products when an acid
reacts with a metal carbonate?

acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide

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Why are metal oxides normally bases
rather than alkalis?

Metal oxides are normally insoluble.
Alkalis are soluble bases.

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What is the name of the salt formed from
magnesium and sulfuric acid?

Magnesium sulfate

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What is the name of the salt formed from
zinc oxide and nitric acid?

Zinc nitrate

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What is the name of the salt formed from
calcium carbonate and hydrochloric
acid?

Calcium chloride

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What color is methyl orange in acid and
alkali?

Acid - Red
Alkali - Yellow

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What color is blue litmus paper in acid
and alkali?

Acid - Turns red
Alkali - Stays blue

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What colour is red litmus paper in acid
and alkali?

Acid - Stays red
Alkali - Turns blue

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What do acids produce in an aqueous
solution?

H+ ions

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What do bases produce in an aqueous
solution?

OH- ions

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Define acids and bases in terms of
proton transfer

Protons are H+ ions.
Acids are proton donors.
Bases are proton acceptors.

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What is the chemical equation for the
the reaction between hydrochloric acid and
ammonia?

HCl + NH3 → NH4Cl

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What is the chemical equation for the
reaction between sulfuric acid and
sodium hydroxide?

H2SO4n+ 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

What is the difference between a strong
and weak acid?

The strength of the acid refers to the degree of ionisation (or dissociation).
Strong acids are completely ionized in aqueous solutions (lots of H+ ions are released).
Weak acids are only partially ionized in aqueous solutions. (fewer H+ ions released).

What is the difference between a strong
and weak base?

Strong bases are completely ionised in aqueous solutions (lots of OH- ions are released). Weak bases are only partially ionised in aqueous solutions (fewer OH- ions released).

How is the relative acidity and alkalinity of a solution quantified?

Using the pH scale

How can pH be measured?

Universal indicator
pH probe

Which pH values describe an acid, alkali and neutral solution?

Acid: pH < 7
Neutral: pH = 7
Alkali: pH > 7

Why is it important to control acidity in soil?

If the soil is too acidic, crops will be unable to grow.

How is an acidic oxide formed?

An acidic oxide is generally formed when a non-metal reacts with oxygen.
E.g. SO2

How is a basic oxide formed?

A basic oxide is generally formed when a metal reacts with oxygen.
E.g. CaO

What is a neutral oxide?

Some non-metallic oxides are neutral. They can't neutralise acids or bases. E.g. H2O

What is amphoteric oxide?

Some metal oxides are amphoteric meaning they can neutralize both acids and bases to form salt and water. E.g. Al2O3

An insoluble base reacts with an acid to form a soluble salt. How can the salt be removed from the solution?

- Add excess base to the acid. - Use filter paper and a funnel to remove any unreacted base. - Keep in a warm place to evaporate the water. The salt crystals will be left behind.

How can a soluble salt be prepared from an acid and soluble base?

- Use an acid/base titration to find the exact volume of base required for neutralisation of the acid. - React the exact quantities of acid and base together without any indicator and collect the solution formed. - Leave to dry in a warm place to evaporate the water. The salt crystals can be collected from the evaporating dish.

How can an insoluble salt be collected from a reaction mixture?

The insoluble salt is a precipitate so can be collected by filtration: - Put filter paper in a funnel then place in a conical flask. - Pour the reaction mixture into the funnel. Wash the salt with distilled water to wash away any solution. - The salt crystals will be collected on the filter paper. Leave this to dry in a warm place before collecting the crystals.

What reactants can be used to form the salt magnesium nitrate?

Magnesium Nitric acid

Suggest a method that could be used to produce sodium sulfate from sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid

Titration

What colour precipitate forms when sodium hydroxide reacts with calcium ions?

White

What colour precipitate forms when sodium hydroxide reacts with chromium(III) ions?

Green

What colour precipitate forms when sodium hydroxide reacts with aluminium ions?

White precipitate at first. Re-dissolves with excess NaOH to form a colourless solution.

What colour precipitate forms when sodium hydroxide reacts with copper(II) ions?

Blue

What colour precipitate forms when sodium hydroxide reacts with iron(II) ions?

Green

What colour precipitate forms when sodium hydroxide reacts with iron(III) ions?

Brown-red

What colour precipitate forms when sodium hydroxide reacts with zinc ions?

White precipitate at first. Re-dissolves with excess NaOH to form a colourless solution.

Describe how to carry out a flame test

- Clean a nichrome wire using hydrochloric acid. - Turn the Bunsen burner onto the blue flame. - Dip the wire in the solid substance that you want to test. - Place the wire in the flame. Record the colour of the flame.