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Chemistry (Edexcel) > Acids, Bases and Alkalis > Flashcards

Acids, Bases and Alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance with a pH less than 7 and form H+ ions in water

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2
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance that neutralises an acid, forming a salt and water only

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3
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that is soluble in water

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4
Q

How can you measure the pH of a solution?

A
  1. Universal indicator
  2. Phenolphthalein
  3. Methyl orange
  4. Litmus paper
  5. pH probe
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5
Q

What is the colour for phenolphthalein?

A

Colourless (acidic and neutral)
Pink (alkaline)

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6
Q

What is the colour for methyl orange?

A

Red (acidic)
Yellow (neutral and alkaline)

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7
Q

What is the colour for litmus paper?

A

Red (acidic)
Purple (neutral)
Blue (alkaline)

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8
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

An acid that almost completely ionises in water

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9
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

An acid that does not full ionise in water

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10
Q

What does an acid and metal form?

A

Salt + hydrogen

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11
Q

What does an acid and metal oxide form?

A

Salt + water

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12
Q

What does an acid and metal hydroxide form?

A

Salt + water

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13
Q

What does an acid and metal carbonate form?

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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14
Q

How can you test for carbon dioxide?

A

Bubble the solution into limewater (turns cloudy if CO2 present)

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15
Q

How do you make an insoluble salt?

A
  1. Take two soluble salts and dissolve both reactants in deionised water
  2. Mix the two solutions together. A precipitate should form
  3. Filter out the mixture to leave the precipitate
  4. Rinse precipitate with deionised water
  5. Dry in an oven
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16
Q

How do you make a soluble salt?

A
  1. React an acid with an insoluble base
  2. Heat the acid in a water bath to speed up reactions
  3. Add excess of the base to the acid
  4. Filter off mixture to leave only the salt and water.
  5. Gently heat the solution to evaporate the water
  6. Leave to cool and crystallise then dry in an oven

Chemistry (Edexcel) (4 decks)

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