Acids/Bases

Question 1

Arrhenius Acid/Base Definitions

Answer 1

Acid: A substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solution

Base: A substance that produce OH- ions in aqueous solution

Question 2

Arrhenius Neutralization Reaction

Answer 2

Acid + Base => Salt +H2O

Ex) HNO3 + KOH = KNO3 + HOH(l)

Question 3

Limitations to Arrhenius Theory

Answer 3

Does not explain why acids and bases produce H+ or OH- ions in solution

Does not explain why some ionic compounds dissolve in water to produce H+ or OH- ions

Does not explain why acid-base reactions take place outside of aqueous solution

Question 4

Bronsted-Lowry Acid/Base Definitions and reaction example

Answer 4

Acid: proton (H+) donor Ex) HCl

Base: proton acceptor Ex) NH3

HCl(g) + NH3(g) +> NH4Cl(s)

Question 5

Conjugate Pairs and Example

Answer 5

Acid-base pairs related to transfer of (H+)

Ex) Conjugate Acid: HCl
Conjugate BasE: Cl-

Question 6

Lewis Acid/Base Definition and Example

Answer 6

Acid: electron-pair acceptor

Base: electron-pair donor

BF3 has an empty p-orbital so it is an acceptor, and NO2 has a lone pair that can be donated to create a new bond

Question 7

Coordination Complexes

Answer 7

Arrangement of a Lewis-base adduct (product) that looks like a REDOX but is NOT

Question 8

STRONG BASES

Answer 8

OH -
S2 -
O 2-

Question 9

STRONG ACIDS

Answer 9

HCl
H2SO4
HNO3
H3O+

Question 10

Oxyacid Reaction

Answer 10

Nonmetal-Oxygen + Water = Oxyacid

Question 11

Basic Oxide

Answer 11

Metal-Oxygen + Water = Metal + OH-