Acids & Bases Flashcards
Properties of Acids
- have a sour taste
- dissolve in many substances
- react with bases to form salts
- will dissolve in water to form ions
- conduct electricity in aqueous solution
- molecular in structure
Properties of bases
- have a bitter taste
- feel soapy
- are electrolytes when dissolved or molten
- conduct electricity in these states
- react with acids to form salts
Arrhenius Theory
Solutions with mamy H+ ions are acidic
Solutions with many OH- ions are basic / akaline
pH scale
used to measure acids and bases
- Low pH is acidic (below 7)
- pH 7 is neutral
- high pH is basic (above 7)
Universal indicator
a mixture or various indicators so it can change colour at many different pH values
Concentrated
Lots of solute in a certain amount of solvent
Dilute
small amount of solute in a certain amount of solvent
How is a concentrated acid different to a strong acid?
Concentrated acid has a high amount of acid in a solution, while strong acid fully dissociates in water.
How is a dilute acid different to a weak acid?
A dilute acid has a low concentration of acid in a solution, while weak acid only partially dissociates in water.
Calculation of concentration
concentration = (amount of substances) / volume of solution
pH 7
pure water at 25 degrees
diluting acids and bases brings the pH closer to 7
