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Chemistry > Acids & Bases > Flashcards

Acids & Bases Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Acids

A

A substance that produces Hydrogen ion (H+) in aqueous solutions

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2
Q

Types of Acids

A

Dilute hydrochloric acid HCL
dilute sulfuric acid H2SO4
Dilute Nitric acid HNO3
Dilute ethanoic acid CH3COOH

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3
Q

Characteristic properties of acids

A
  1. acids has a pH less than 7 ( in aqueous state/solution)
  2. Turns damp blue litmus paper red
  3. Changes colour of Universal indicator from green to red, orange & yellow
  4. Conducts electricity in aqueous state = delocalised mobile oppositely changed ions in the solution
  5. Are corrosive
  6. Sour taste
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4
Q

What pH has the highest concentration of Hydrogen ions

A

1

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5
Q

What pH level has the highest concentration of Hydroxide ions

A

14

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6
Q

Definition of alkali & bases

A

A substance that produces hydroxide ion (OH-) in aqueous solutions

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7
Q

Types of bases

A

All metal oxides
Eg: MgO,CaO,CuO,Fe2O3

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8
Q

Types of Alkali

A

Generally group 1 hydroxides.
Eg: NaOH, KOH, LiOH

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9
Q

Characteristic properties of alkali & bases

A
  1. Alkali has a pH of more than 7 (in aqueous state/solution)
  2. Turns damp red litmus paper blue
  3. Changes colour of universal Indicator from green to blue/violet
  4. Conducts electricity in aqueous state = delocalised mobile oppositely charged ions in the solution.
  5. Are corrosive
  6. Bitter taste
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10
Q

Dilute acid + metal ->

A

Salt + hydrogen gas

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11
Q

Observation for [dilute acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen gas]

A

-Effervescence observed. Gas produced is hydrogen gas
-metal reacts vigorously with the dilute acid and as the reaction proceed, the size of the metal decreases

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12
Q

Test for [dilute acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen gas]

A

Test H2 gas produced using a lighted splint; flame will extinguish with a ‘POP’ sound

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13
Q

Dilute acid + base/alkali ->

A

Salt + water
Neutralisation
Represented as ionic equation: H+ + OH- ->H2O

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14
Q

Dilute acid + metal carbonate ->

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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15
Q

Observations for [dilute acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide]

A

Vigorous reaction between dilute acid and metal carbonate
Effervescence observed. Gas produced is CO2
Size of metal carbonate decreases a reaction proceeds

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16
Q

Test for [dilute acid + metal carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide]

A

Bubble the gas produced through limewater, white precipitate formed in limewater

17
Q

Alkali/base + ammonium salt ->

A

Salt + water + ammonia gas

18
Q

Observation for [Alkali/base +ammonium salt -> salt + water + ammonia gas]

A

Upon gentle warming of the reaction mixture, a Colourless pungent gas evolved.

19
Q

Test for [Alkali/base +ammonium salt -> salt + water + ammonia gas]

A

Colourless pungent gas turns damp red litmus paper blue; gas produced is ammonia

20
Q

Fertiliser & lime reacts to form…

A

Ammonia gas, which has a high composition of nitrogen
If soil is not treated, it will remain acidic

21
Q

Basic oxides

A

Any metal oxide
Reacts with acid to form salt and water
Usually solid, ionic compound

22
Q

Acidic oxide

A

Any non-metal oxides
Eg. Sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide
Reacts with bases to form salt & water
Usually gasses/liquids, a simple covalent compound

23
Q

Amphoteric oxide

A

“Z.A.P” oxides
Zinc oxide, Aluminium oxide, lead oxide
Will react with both acids & bases
Usually solid, ionic compound

24
Q

Neutral oxide

A

“NO COld WATER”
nitrogen monoxide, carbon monoxide & water
Will not react to acids or bases.
Usually gases/liquids, a simple covalent compound

25
Q

what is used to reduce acidity of soil?

A

calcium hydroxide

26
Q

what causes acid rain?

A

sulfur dioxide
nitrogen dioxide

27
Q

what is formed from the incomplete combustion of methane

A

carbon monoxide

28
Q

formula of potassium oxide

A

K2O

29
Q

formula of aluminum oxide

A

Al2O3

30
Q

2 chemical properties of alkali

A

alkali reacts with acids to form salt & water

alkali reacts with ammonium salts to form salt, water & ammonia gas

Chemistry (9 decks)

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