Acids & Bases Flashcards
Arrhenius theory
An acid is a substance that ionises in water to produce hydrogen ions. A base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce hydroxide ions.
Brønsted-Lowry theory
An acid is a proton (H+) donor. A base is a proton (H+) acceptor.
Strong acid
An acid that ionises completely in an aqueous solution.
Strong base
A base that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution.
Weak acid
An acid that only ionises partially in an aqueous solution.
Weak base
A base that only dissociates/ionises partially in an aqueous solution.
Concentrated acid
A large amount of solute dissolved in a small amount of water.
Dilute acid
A small amount of solute dissolved in a large amount of water.
Salt
A substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a cation.
Neutralisation/equivalence point
The point where an acid and base have reacted so neither is in excess.
Indicator
A substance that changes colour depending on the pH of a solution.
Amphoteric/Amphiprotic substance
A substance that can act as either an acid or a base.
pH
A number that indicates the degree of the acidity of a solution.
The measure of ionisation of an acid
A measure of the strength of an acid.
The measure of dissociation of a base
Is a measure of the strength of a base.
