acids + bases Flashcards
what are acids?
proton donors
what are bases?
proton acceptors
what is the pH formula?
-log[h+]
how much more acidic is a pH of 5 than 6?
10 times
why do we accumulate h+ ions?
1.aerobic respiration (carbonic acid)
2.anaerobic respiration (lactic acid)
2.oxidation of fatty acids
3.oxidation of sulfur containing amino acids (sulfuric acid)
what acts as a weak acid in the bicarbonate buffer system?
h2co3
what acts as a weak base in the bicarbonate buffer system?
hco3-
what acts as a weak base in the protein buffer system?
the amine group
what acts as a weak acid in the protein buffer system?
the carboxyl group
what is done when you have high levels of h+ in respiratory buffering?
buffer with bicarbonate
produce carbonic acid
hyperventilate (reaction moving left)
what is done when you have low levels of h+ in respiratory buffering?
produce more carbonic acid
produce more free h+ ions
hyperventilate (reaction moving right)
what is renal excretion h+ do?
actually gets rid of acids (moving h+ ions from blood to urine)
what is hypercapnia?
pco2 over 45mmhg-hypoventilation
what is hypocapnia?
pco2 less then 35mmhg-hyperventilation
causes on hypercapnia?
emphysema, obesity, polio, brain damage, pulmonary edema
causes of hyppocapnia?
anxiety and stress
what is metabolic acidosis?
bicarb less then 22mEg/L
what causes metabolic acidosis?
metabolism of sugars and fats, diarrhea, renal failure
what is metabolic alkalosis?
bicarb above 26 mEg/L
what causes metabolic alkalosis?
excess intake (rolaids), chronic vomiting
what is a normal pH?
7.35-7.45
what is a normal co2?
35-45mmhg
what is a normal po2?
85-100mmhg
what is a normal bicarb level (hco3)?
22-26mEg/L
what are the steps to determine respiration or metabolic alkalosis or acidosis?
- determine choices
- look at pH to sort it out
- (if that doesn’t help) look at o2
- determine if there’s compensation (pco2 + hco3 are abnormal)
- determine full or partial comp. (full-ph is normal partial-pH is abnormal)
