Acids & Bases

Question 1

acid (Lowry-Brønsted model)

Answer 1

proton donor

Question 2

base (Lowry-Brønsted model)

Answer 2

proton acceptor

Question 3

ionisation

Answer 3

the reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions

Question 4

strong acid

Answer 4

an acid that ionises completely in an aqueous solution

know these examples: HCl – hydrochloric acid, H2SO4 – sulfuric acid and HNO3 – nitric acid

Question 5

weak acid

Answer 5

an acid that only ionises partially ionizes an aqueous solution

know these examples: H3PO4 – phosphoric acid, H2SO3 – sulfurous acid, (COOH)2 – oxalic acid, CH3COOH – ethanoic acid

Question 6

dissociation

Answer 6

the splitting of an ionic compound into its ions

Question 7

strong base

Answer 7

a base that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution

examples: group 1 hydroxides

Question 8

weak base

Answer 8

a base that only dissociates partially in an aqueous solution

examples: NH3 or NH4OH

Question 9

amphoteric substance

Answer 9

a substance that can act as either an acid or a base

examples: H2O, HCO3−, HSO4−

Question 10

salt

Answer 10

substance in which the hydrogen of an acid has been replaced by a cation

Question 11

hydrolysis of a salt

Answer 11

reaction of an ion (from a salt) with water

Question 12

neutralisation (or the equivalence point)

Answer 12

point where an acid and base have reacted so neither is in excess

Question 13

standard solution

Answer 13

solution of known concentration