acids and esters Flashcards
why are short chain carboxylic acids soluble in water
form hydrogen bonds with water
what type of reactions do carboxylic acids undergo
redox and neutralisation
how do carboxylic acids undergo neutralisation reactions
weak acids which partially dissociate into the carboxylate ion
what is the general equation for carboxylic acids reacting with metals
carboxylic acid + metal -> carboxylate salt + H2
what is observed when a carboxylic acid reacts with a metal
metal dissolves and bubbles are produced
write the equation for the reaction of propanoic acid with calcium
2CH3CH2COOH + Ca -> (CH3CH2COO-)2Ca + H2
what is the general equation for carboxylic acids with metal oxides
carboxylic acid + metal oxide -> salt and water
what are the observations when a carboxylic acid reacts with a metal oxide
solid metal oxide dissolves
write the equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid with potassium oxide
2CH3COOH + K2O -> 2CH3COO-K+ + H2O
what is the general equation for carboxylic acids with metal hydroxides
carboxylic acid + metal hydroxide -> salt + H2O
what is observed when carboxylic acids react with metal hydroxides
solid metal hydroxide dissolves
write an equation for the reaction of methanoic acid with magnesium hydroxide
HCOOH + Mg(OH)2 -> (HCOO-)2Mg2+ + H2O
write the equation for the reaction of carboxylic acids with carbonates
carboxylic acid + carbonate -> salt + H2O + CO2
what is observed when carbonates react with carboxylic acids
solid carbonate dissolves and bubbles produced
write the equation for the reaction of butanoic acid with sodium carbonate
2CH3CH2CH2COOH + Na2CO3 ->
2CH3CH2CH2COONa + H2O + CO2
what is an acid anhydride
two carboxylic acids joined minus a water molecule
what is the equation for the formation of an ester from a carboxylic acid
carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ester + water
what is required for carboxylic acids to form esters
H2SO4 catalyst
write the equation for the formation of an ester from an acid anhydride
acid anhydride + alcohol -> ester + carboxylic acid
why are acid anhydrides preferred over carboxylic acids to make esters
reaction not reversible so higher yields and no catalyst needed
what is hydrolysis of esters
ester bond breaks using water to split molecule
write the general equation for the acid hydrolysis of esters
ester + acid -> carboxylic acid + alcohol
write the equation for the hydrolysis of propyl butanoate
CH3CH2CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 + H2O ->
CH3CH2CH2COOH + CH3CH2CH2OH
what are the hydrolysis products of propyl butanoate
butanoic acid and propan-1-ol
what is the overall equation for the alkaline hydrolysis of esters
ester + NaOH -> carboxylate salt + alcohol
what are the hydrolysis products of propyl ethanoate under alkaline conditions
sodium ethanoate and propan-1-ol
what is an acyl chloride
a derivative of carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl group is swapped for a chloride group
how do you make acyl chlorides
react carboxylic acids with SOCl2
what is always a product in acyl chloride reactions
HCl
how do you make carboxylic acids from acyl chlorides
react with water
why are acyl chlorides used to synthesise esters
can make phenylesters
how do you make esters from acyl chlorides
react with an alcohol
how do you make an amide from an acyl chloride (primary)
react with ammonia
how do you make an amide from an acyl chloride (secondary)
react with a primary amine
