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Chemistry: 6.1 aromatic, carbonyls and acids > acids and esters > Flashcards

acids and esters Flashcards

1
Q

why are short chain carboxylic acids soluble in water

A

form hydrogen bonds with water

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2
Q

what type of reactions do carboxylic acids undergo

A

redox and neutralisation

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3
Q

how do carboxylic acids undergo neutralisation reactions

A

weak acids which partially dissociate into the carboxylate ion

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4
Q

what is the general equation for carboxylic acids reacting with metals

A

carboxylic acid + metal -> carboxylate salt + H2

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5
Q

what is observed when a carboxylic acid reacts with a metal

A

metal dissolves and bubbles are produced

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6
Q

write the equation for the reaction of propanoic acid with calcium

A

2CH3CH2COOH + Ca -> (CH3CH2COO-)2Ca + H2

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7
Q

what is the general equation for carboxylic acids with metal oxides

A

carboxylic acid + metal oxide -> salt and water

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8
Q

what are the observations when a carboxylic acid reacts with a metal oxide

A

solid metal oxide dissolves

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9
Q

write the equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid with potassium oxide

A

2CH3COOH + K2O -> 2CH3COO-K+ + H2O

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10
Q

what is the general equation for carboxylic acids with metal hydroxides

A

carboxylic acid + metal hydroxide -> salt + H2O

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11
Q

what is observed when carboxylic acids react with metal hydroxides

A

solid metal hydroxide dissolves

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12
Q

write an equation for the reaction of methanoic acid with magnesium hydroxide

A

HCOOH + Mg(OH)2 -> (HCOO-)2Mg2+ + H2O

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13
Q

write the equation for the reaction of carboxylic acids with carbonates

A

carboxylic acid + carbonate -> salt + H2O + CO2

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14
Q

what is observed when carbonates react with carboxylic acids

A

solid carbonate dissolves and bubbles produced

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15
Q

write the equation for the reaction of butanoic acid with sodium carbonate

A

2CH3CH2CH2COOH + Na2CO3 ->
2CH3CH2CH2COONa + H2O + CO2

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16
Q

what is an acid anhydride

A

two carboxylic acids joined minus a water molecule

17
Q

what is the equation for the formation of an ester from a carboxylic acid

A

carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ester + water

18
Q

what is required for carboxylic acids to form esters

A

H2SO4 catalyst

19
Q

write the equation for the formation of an ester from an acid anhydride

A

acid anhydride + alcohol -> ester + carboxylic acid

20
Q

why are acid anhydrides preferred over carboxylic acids to make esters

A

reaction not reversible so higher yields and no catalyst needed

21
Q

what is hydrolysis of esters

A

ester bond breaks using water to split molecule

22
Q

write the general equation for the acid hydrolysis of esters

A

ester + acid -> carboxylic acid + alcohol

23
Q

write the equation for the hydrolysis of propyl butanoate

A

CH3CH2CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 + H2O ->
CH3CH2CH2COOH + CH3CH2CH2OH

24
Q

what are the hydrolysis products of propyl butanoate

A

butanoic acid and propan-1-ol

25
Q

what is the overall equation for the alkaline hydrolysis of esters

A

ester + NaOH -> carboxylate salt + alcohol

26
Q

what are the hydrolysis products of propyl ethanoate under alkaline conditions

A

sodium ethanoate and propan-1-ol

27
Q

what is an acyl chloride

A

a derivative of carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl group is swapped for a chloride group

28
Q

how do you make acyl chlorides

A

react carboxylic acids with SOCl2

29
Q

what is always a product in acyl chloride reactions

A

HCl

30
Q

how do you make carboxylic acids from acyl chlorides

A

react with water

31
Q

why are acyl chlorides used to synthesise esters

A

can make phenylesters

32
Q

how do you make esters from acyl chlorides

A

react with an alcohol

33
Q

how do you make an amide from an acyl chloride (primary)

A

react with ammonia

34
Q

how do you make an amide from an acyl chloride (secondary)

A

react with a primary amine

Chemistry: 6.1 aromatic, carbonyls and acids (3 decks)

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