Acids and Bases II + Oxides Flashcards
its like y1 but worse
What types of oxides can metals form?
Basic oxides and Amphoteric Oxides
What types of oxides can non-metals form?
Acidic oxides and Neutral oxides
What metals form amphoteric oxides?
Aluminium (Al₂O₃), Lead (PbO), Zinc (ZnO)
What are some neutral oxides?
CO, H₂O, NO, N₂O, SO₂
What do basic oxides form when reacting with:
i. Water
ii. Acids
i. Most are insoluble and do not react, some react to form a metal hydroxide
ii. A metal salt and water
What basic oxides are soluble in water?
Group 1 and heavier group 2 oxides
Similar to hydroxide solubility rules.
What do acidic oxides form when reacting with:
i. Water
ii. Alkalis
i. Some react to form an acid
ii. A metal salt and water
What are amphoteric oxides?
Metallic oxides that are able to react with both acids and alkali
What do amphoteric oxides form when reacting with:
i. Acids
ii. Alkalis
Both form salts and water
e.g. ZnO + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂O
ZnO + 2NaOH → Na₂ZnO₂ + H₂O
Which oxides are ionic and which are covalent?
Most metal oxides (basic and amphoteric) are ionic
Most non-metal oxides (neutral and acidic) are covalent
Amphoteric oxides are kind of complicated, and can act as both ionic and covalent. This is out of syllabus though.
What ions do acids form in water?
This is different from the definition learnt in year 1
Hydronium (H₃O⁺) ions
It is still conventional to use H⁺ ions in equations instead
What makes acids weak or strong?
This is an extension of what was learnt in year 1
The reaction between water and weak acids to form hydronium ions is significantly reversible, resulting in a low concentration of hydronium ions.
The reaction between water and strong acids to form hydronium ions is not significantly reversible, resulting in a high concentration of hydronium ions.
What is formed when alkalis are heated with ammonium salts?
Salt, water and ammonia gas
e.g. NaOH + NH₄NO₃ → NaNO₃ + H₂O + NH₃
What is formed when alkalis are reacted with a solution of a metal salt?
Metal hydroxide of given salt + another salt
e.g. 2NaOH + MgSO₄ → Mg(OH)₂ + Na₂SO₄
These reactions are typically precipitation reactions
