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AP Chemistry > Acids and bases > Flashcards

Acids and bases Flashcards

1
Q

what did the Arrhenius theory say about acids

A

an acid contains H+ and forms H30+ which increases the concentration of H+

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2
Q

what does the Arrhenius theory say about bases?

A

base forms OH in water and increases the concentration of OH

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3
Q

what is the benefit of the Arrhenius theory?

A

easy to sort substances into acids and bases

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4
Q

what is a problem with the Arrhenius theory

A

many bases do not contain hydroxides and only addresses what happens in aqueous solutions

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5
Q

what did the Brontsted lowry theory

A

transfer of H+ ions from one substance to another// identify conjugate pairs

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6
Q

what is a conjugate base?

A

what is left of the acid after it donates H+// substance accepts the proton if it was in the reverse reaction

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7
Q

what a conjugate acid?

A

what is left of the base after it accepts the H+// substance that donates the H+ in reverse reaction

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8
Q

bronsted lowry acid:

A

donates a proton ( H+)

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9
Q

what does polyprotic mean and how many H+ do they lose

A

acids with more than 1 H+ and it loses one H+ at a time

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10
Q

what happens to H+ in weak organic acids

A

the H that is lost is attatched to the Oxygen within carboxyl group bc of polarity

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11
Q

bronsted lowry base:

A

accepts the proton

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12
Q

what arrow do you use to show a weak acid

A

two-way arrow

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13
Q

what is amphiprotic and what is an example

A

can act as an acid or base// water

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14
Q

in an image what would a strong acid/ base look like

A

completely dissociated

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15
Q

in an image what would a weak acid/ base look like

A

not fully dissociated

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16
Q

what % do weak acids and bases dissociate

A

below 100%

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17
Q

what % do strong acids and bases dissociate

A

100%

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18
Q

which type is a strong conductor and which type is weak

A

strong acids and bases// weak acids and bases

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19
Q

what pH is weak acids and bases closest to?

A

7

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20
Q

what pH # is strong acids and bases closest to?

A

less than 7

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21
Q

where would strong acids and bases lie near equilibrium

A

product side

22
Q

where would weak acids and bases lie near equilibrium

A

reactant side

23
Q

monoprotic acids in weak acids and bases

A

acid > H+

24
Q

monoprotic acids in strong acids and bases

A

acic = H+

25
Q

what are some strong acids

A

HI, HBr, HCL, HNO3, H2SO4, HCLO3, HCLO4,

26
Q

what are the strong bases

A

group 1 and 2 hydroxides except Be and Mg

27
Q

what is autoionization and what is an example

A

self dissociate and an example would be water

28
Q

how does water autoionize

A

water will produce a very small amount of ions but not enough to make electricity

29
Q

for any solution in water what is Kw

A

Kw = [h+][OH-] = 1 x 10^-14 @ 25 degrees

30
Q

what is the Kw for water

A

1 x 10 ^-14 at 25 degrees

31
Q

why is water’s Kw important?

A

acids release H+ ions into water and since water is present it autoionizes to form an equilibrium system and there will be a small amount of OH ions as well. Vice versa for bases

32
Q

H+ = OH

A

neutral

33
Q

H+ > OH

A

acidic

34
Q

H+ < OH

A

basic

35
Q

what will an increase of H+ ions do to the pH scale

A

decrease the pH

36
Q

what can also replace H+

A

H30+

37
Q

what equals 14

A

PH + pOH

38
Q

pH –> H+

A

10^-pH

39
Q

H+ —> pH

A

log[h+]

40
Q

pOH to OH

A

10^pOH

41
Q

OH to POH

A

-log[OH]

42
Q

H+ to OH

A

[H+][OH”] = 1 x10^-14

43
Q

when would the Kw value be different

A

@ different temperatures bc Kw is affected by temp

44
Q

what happens when temp increases

A

Kw value increases// shift to products// endothermic reaction

45
Q

what is the pH of neutral water @25

A

7

46
Q

whaat does it mean to be neutral at other temperatures

A

H = OH

47
Q

what needs to be included when writing the reaction for weak acids and bases

A

H20

48
Q

what exactly needs to be calculated with weak acids and bases

A

the exact % of dissociation

49
Q

how to calculate the % ionization

A

amount becoming ions/ original concentration

50
Q

how to calculate the acid%

A

H+/ acid concentration

51
Q

how to calculate base %

A

OH/base concentration

AP Chemistry (5 decks)

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