Acids and Bases

Question 1

Acids

Answer 1

have H+ ions in front. have low pH

Question 2

Bases

Answer 2

Bases don’t have to HAVE OH. They should be able to PRODUCE OH- somehow: directly or indirectly. have high pH. a base is a substance that can remove a proton from an acid

Question 3

Hydronium

Answer 3

h+ ions react very quickly with water to produce H3O which is hydronium

Question 4

the “proton” that bases remove

Answer 4

h+ because H+ is basically one proton since Hydrogen only naturally has one electron and no neutrons.

Question 5

strong base

Answer 5

drano, window cleaner and dish soap

Question 6

strong acids

Answer 6

HCL, HBR, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HCLO4

Question 7

square brackets

Answer 7

automatically means concentration in mol/L.

Question 8

to find concentration using pH

Answer 8

10^-pH.

Question 9

Arrhenius acids and bases

Answer 9

an acid is a substance that produces H+ ions while dissolved in water while bases produce OH- ions while dissolved in water

Question 10

Arrhenius theory proves that

Answer 10

• acids increase the concentration of H+ in aqueous solution, while bases increase the concentration of OH- in aqueous solution
• therefore, all acids must contain Hydrogen as a source of H+ while bases must contain an OH- group as a source of OH-

Question 11

Arrhenius theory is useful is

Answer 11

• you are looking at the ions that result when an acid or base undergoes a neutralization reaction to form an ionic compound and water

Question 12

problems with arrhenius theory

Answer 12

• H+ can’t exist alone in an aqueous solution
• water is polar so the H+ from acids must interact with water (it produces Hydronium)
• it can’t explain why ammonia and several other substances react with water to produce a base, not an acid despite not having an OH- group
• can’t explain why salts containing carbonate ions have basic properties
• can’t explain reactions that take place in non-polar organic solvents, only those in water

Question 13

B-L theory

Answer 13

an acid is a substance from which a proton (H+) can be removed. a base is a substance that can remove a proton from an acid

• acids must contain a hydrogen in formula (Arrhenius acids= BL acids)
• any negative ion (not just OH) can be a BL base
• water doesn’t have to be the only solvent
• one substance must provide a proton and another substance must receive the same proton therefore an acid base reaction involved the transfer of a proton
• any substance can be an acid as long as another substance behaves as a base

Question 14

Conjugate acid base pairs (BL theory)

Answer 14

Acid: same chemical formula on other side of eqn but it has lost a hydrogen becoming the conjugate base
base: came chem formula on other side of eqn but it has gained a hydrogen therefore conjugate acid

Question 15

strong and weak acids

Answer 15

strong ones ionize/disassociate completely in water. weak ones don’t do this completely

Question 16

ionization vs. disassociation

Answer 16

ionization: process of forming an ion. acids ionize because they are molecular compounds
dissociation: process in which ions break apart when dissolved in solution. bases are ionic compounds so they disassociate

Question 17

pH scale

Answer 17

power of hydrogen. every unit is a scale of 10 ex 2 -7 is difference of 10^7

Question 18

hydronium and bL theory

Answer 18

• only in this theory since they found out that H+ can’t exist by itself in water

Question 19

in any aqueous solution

Answer 19

both hydronium and hydroxide ions exist

Question 20

in pure water

Answer 20

hydronium = hydroxide with a pH and pOH of 7

Question 21

in acidic solutions

Answer 21

more hydronium than OH

Question 22

in basic solutions

Answer 22

more OH than H3O

Question 23

pH + pOH

Answer 23

= 14

Question 24

[H3O+][OH-]

Answer 24

1x 10^-14

Question 25

titration

Answer 25

- To determine the concentration of a particular solute in a solution - This procedure involves combining a solution of unknown concentration with a reagent solution of known concentration, called a standard solution

Question 26

equivalence point

Answer 26

The point at which stoichiometrically equivalent quantities are brought together

Question 27

end point

Answer 27

the point of colour change (turns pink in basic solutions indicating that the neutralization reaction is complete) is called the end point