Acids and Bases Flashcards
Lavoisier theory
- acidity caused by presence of oxygen- false
- created word oxygen
Arrhenius theory
- acid- dissociates to form H+ ions
- bases- dissociate to form OH- ions
- dissociate= dissolves in water
Lowry and Bronsted theory
- acid- substance that donates proton (H+) to another species
- base- accepts protons from other species
- allowed gaseous NH3 to be a base
What did the Lowry and Bronsted theory allow for NH3?
to be classified as a base
What to theories do we currently use?
- Arrhenius theory
- Lowry and Bronsted theory
What is a monoprotic acid? Give 2 examples
- acid that only donates 1 mole of protons per mole of acid
- ex- HCl, HNO3
What is a diprotic acid? Give 1 example.
- acid that donates 2 moles of protons per mole of acid
- ex- H2SO4
What is a triprotic acid? Give an example.
- acid that donates 3 moles of protons per mole of acid
- H3PO4
Conjugate acid
species formed from a Broasted-Lowry base by the addition of proton.
Conjugate Base
species formed from a Broasted-Lowry acid by the loss of a proton.
What does the acidity of a solution depend on?
the concentration of H+ ions
What equation is used to find the pH of a solution?
-log10=[H+]
pH values are given to __ decimal places
2
What does the strength of acid refer to?
the pH, not the concentration
What is a strong acid?
- low pH (0 or 1)
- high concentration of H+
- acid fully dissociated into its ions
What is a weak acid?
- high pH (but less than 7)
- concentration of H+ is lower than those in strong acid
- acid not fully dissociated into its ions
What equation is used to calculate concentration of H+?
10^-pH
What is pH on a scale of?
1 to 14
3 ways to measure pH
- pH meter
- universal indicator solution
- universal indicator paper
3 examples of strong acid
- HCl- hydrochloric acid
- HNO3- nitric acid
- H2SO4- sulfuric acid
3 examples of weak acid
- CH3COOH- ethanoic acid
- H2CO3- carbonic acid
- H3PO4- phosphoric acid
What is an alkali?
An alkali is a soluble base
What are acid-base indicators?
chemical detectors that change color according to the concentration of H+ ions
State all indicators.
- methyl orange
- phenolphthalein
- litmus