Acids and Bases

Question 1

What is a base?

Answer 1

• a proton acceptor

Question 2

Common bases?

Answer 2

• metal oxides
• metal hydroxides
• ammonia

Question 3

Definition of a salt?

Answer 3

• when the H+ of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or NH4+

Question 4

What is an alkali?

Answer 4

• it’s a base that dissolves in water

Question 5

Common alkalis?

Answer 5

• sodium hydroxide

* potassium hydroxide

Question 6

Why is the reagent that’s not in excess called the limiting factor?

Answer 6

• because it limits how much product can be made

Question 7

Meaning of a strong acids?

Answer 7

• it’s molecules fully dissociates

Question 8

Definition of a weak acid?

Answer 8

• it’s molecules partially dissociates

Question 9

What is the nH20 in an hydrated salt?

Answer 9

• the water of crystallisation

Question 10

What does anhydrous mean?

Answer 10

• the salt doesn’t contain water: there are no water of crystallisation

Question 11

Meaning of a hydrated salt?

Answer 11

• salt that has water:

There are water of crystallisation

Question 12

Calculating the formula of the hydrated salt from mass of hydrated and mass of anhydrous salt?

Answer 12

• Mr of anhydrous 
• moles of anhydrous 
• mr of water 
• mass of water 
• moles of water 
Then divide by the smallest number

Question 13

Acids + base?

Answer 13

• = salt and water

Question 14

Acid + metal?

Answer 14

• = salt and hydrogen

Question 15

Acid + alkali?

Answer 15

• = salt and water

Question 16

Acid + metal carbonate?

Answer 16

• = salt and water and carbon dioxide
Observations:
- fizzing due to the CO2 produced
- solid carbonate will dissolve

Question 17

What are acids?

Answer 17

• acids are proton donors

- any substance which has the ability to produce H+ ions