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New Chemistry > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

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0
Q

What is a base?

A

A base is a substance that causes red litmus paper to turn blue

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1
Q

What is an acid?

A

An acid is a substance that causes blue litmus paper to turn red.

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2
Q

Name three everyday acids

A 
lemon juice (citric acid)
rain water (carbonic acid)
Vinegar
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3
Q

Name two lab acids

A 
hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
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4
Q

Name three everyday bases

A

Toothpaste
Bleach
Indigestion tablets

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5
Q

Name three lab bases

A 
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Limewater Ca(OH)2
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6
Q

What is a pH scale? (what it is/ looks like)

A

A scale which runs from 0 -> 14

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7
Q

What does the pH scale do?

A

Indicates the level of acidity or basicity of a substance

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8
Q

What is the pH of neutral solutions?

A

7

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9
Q

What is the pH of acids?

A

less than 7

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10
Q

What pH do alkalis have?

A

greater than 7

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11
Q

What is water in terms of pH?

A

Neutral

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12
Q

What is an indicator?

A

An indicator is a chemical which shows, by means of a colour change, whether a substance is an acid or a base. e.g. litmus paper, universal indicator

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13
Q

Name two indicators

A

litmus paper

universal indicator

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14
Q

What is universal indicator paper used for?/how is it used

A

Universal indicator paper is used to measure the pH of a substance. The colour it changes to can be compared to a colour chart to find the pH

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15
Q

When does a neutralisation reaction occur?

A

A neutralisation reaction occurs when an acid and a base react together and neutralise each other to form a salt and water.

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16
Q

write out the changes that occur in a neutralisation reaction including the substances HCl (hydrochloric acid) and NaOH (sodium hydroxide)

A

Acid + Base —> Salt + water

HCl + NaOH —-> NaCl + H2O

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17
Q

Write out experiment “to neutralise a base by titration.

A

on it boss!

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18
Q

What do an acid and a carbonate react to form?

write out the formula.

A

salt, water and carbon dioxide
Acid + Carbonate = Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide
2HC + CaCO3 = CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

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19
Q

What is a fuel?

A

A fuel burns in oxygen to give out heat

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20
Q

write out experiment to investigate the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid and test for hydrogen

A

dattebayo

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21
Q

When a piece of zinc meets with hydrochloric acid what is formed?
write out the formula

A

hydrogen gas and zinc chloride
Zn + 2HCl = ZnCl2 + H2
Zinc + Hydrochloric acid = Zinc chloride + hydrogen

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22
Q

Write out the experiment to test for hydrogen.

A

Ahora

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23
Q

In the test for hydrogen when you bring a lit taper to the mouth of the test tube what happens?

A

a loud pop is heard

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24
Q

What is the diagram for fire called?

A

The fire triangle

25
Q

What do you need to make fire?

A

fuel, oxygen and heat

26
Q

What happens if a fire lacks oxygen, heat or fuel?

A

fire will not be made

27
Q

What are fossil fuels? give three examples

A

the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago e.g. coal, petrol, oil.

28
Q

What can fossil fuels also be known as?

A

hydrocarbons

29
Q

what are the two main elements that fossil fuels are made of

A

Hydrogen and Carbon

30
Q

what is natural gas made of?

A

Methane CH4

31
Q

What is the simplest hydrocarbon?

A

methane CH4

32
Q

What do fossil fuels produce when they are burned?

A

Water vapour and carbon dioxide. they can also form sulphur dioxide.

33
Q

What is formed when carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide are are dissolved in rainwater.

A

Acid rain

34
Q

water + carbon dioxide =

Water + sulphur dioxide =

A

carbonic acid

Sulphuric acid

35
Q

What is carbonic acid made of?

A

carbon dioxide and water

36
Q

What is sulphuric acid made of?

A

sulphur dioxide and water

37
Q

Name two effects of acid rain

A

Kills fish and harms trees

Acid rain eats into buildings and statues, especially those made of limestone.

38
Q

What is smog?

A

The name used for a mixture of smoke and fog.

39
Q

How can it be prevented?

A

It can be prevented by using smokeless fuel.

40
Q

Plastics are ___________ _________ materials.

A

man made

41
Q

What are most plastics made of?

A

Most plastics are made from crude (unrefined) oil.

42
Q

What is another name for simple hydrocarbons?

A

monomers

43
Q

Where do monomers come from?

A

crude oil

44
Q

What do monomers react together to form?

A

polymers

45
Q

How are polymers formed?

A

when monomers react together

46
Q

what are polymers used to make?

A

plastic

47
Q

what are plastics made of?

A

polymers

48
Q

What is PVC?

A

strong plastic

49
Q

name two forms of PVC?

A

can be flexible or rigid

50
Q

name two things madeof flexible PVC

A

Raincoats and shower curtains

51
Q

name three types of plastic

A

PVC
Polythene
Nylon

52
Q

describe polythene using three words

A

strong cheap and flexible

53
Q

name two things polythene is used to make

A

plastic bags and lunch boxes

54
Q

Name one feature of nylon

A

can be spun into fibres.

55
Q

name two things nylon is used to make

A

tights, carpets and brushes

56
Q

plastics do not…

A

degrade or break down easily

57
Q

plastics are ______________.

A

non biodegradable

58
Q

what does non biodegradable mean?

A

they cannot be broken down by living things

59
Q

what do many plastics release when burned

A

release toxic fumes

60
Q

when do plastics often release toxic fumes?

A

when they are burned

New Chemistry (14 decks)

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