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Acids and bases Flashcards

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1
Q

Identify an acid from its formula

A
  • Starts with H
  • ends with COOH(organic acid)
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2
Q

Identify a base from it formula

A

Ends with OH
has a metal in front
CH3OH is an alcohol

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3
Q

Arrhenius theory Acids

A

Substances that dissociate in water to form H+ ions.

For ex: HCL––– H+ Cl-

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4
Q

Arrhenius theory bases

A

Substances that dissociate in water to form OH- ions

For ex: NaOH— Na+ OH-

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5
Q

Bronsted Lowry theory

A

BAAD

Base= H+ acceptor

Acid= H+ donor

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6
Q

what can water do in Bronsted Lowry Theory

A

Water can act as both acid and base as its amphoteric

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7
Q

Ph Scale number and relation

A

Less than 7=acidic

7(exactly)= Neutral

greater than 7= basic

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8
Q

what does PH represent

A

the concentration of H+ ions

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9
Q

what does a change in on PH unit represent

A

Represents a 10 x change in H+

for ex: pH of 5 is 1000 times more acidic than pH of 8

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10
Q

what correlation do basic and acidic have with ions

A

H+= acidic

OH-=basic

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11
Q

in order to find pH what equation is used

A

pH=-log[H+]

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12
Q

In order to find [H+] what equation is used

A

10^-ph

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13
Q

Ionization of water

A

water turns into hydronium(H3O+) and OH-

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14
Q

what is the ionic product constant for water at 298 K

A

its known as Kw = 1x10^-14

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15
Q

what do [H+] and [OH]- =

A

1.0x10^-7
no adding between

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16
Q

describe the relationship between H+ and OH-

A

it will equal constant value
is an inverse relationship.

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17
Q

what is considered a strong acid/base

A

when it completely dissociates(ionizes) into its ions in aqueous solutions.

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18
Q

Common strong acids

A

HCl- Hydrochloric acid
HBr- Hydrobromic acid
HI- Hydroiodic acid
H2SO4- Sulfuric acid
HNO3- Nitric acid
HClO4- perchloric acid

19
Q

Common strong bases

A

NaOH- Sodium hydroxide
KOH- potassium hydroxide
any group 1+ hydroxide
Ba(OH)2- barium hydroxide

20
Q

what is considered a weak acid/base

A

they partially dissociate(ionize) into their ions in aqueous solutions.

21
Q

Common weak acids

A

CH3COOH- ethanoic acid
H2CO3- carbonic acid

22
Q

common weak bases

A

NH3- ammonia

23
Q

pH measurement between strong and weak acids and bases

A
  • Strong acids produce more H+ ions in solution than weak acids
  • the pH of a strong acid will be lower than weak acid
24
Q

Rate of reaction between strong and weak acids and bases

A

the rate of reaction in strong acids is greater than weak acids because the greater concentration of H+ ions causes more successful collision.

25
Electrical conductivity between strong and weak acids and bases
- - strong acids and bases will have higher conductivity than weak acids and bases. - reasoning: - they completely dissociate into ions in solution, leading to a higher concentration of charged particles (ions) that can carry an electric current
26
distinguish between weak acid and strong acid
weak acid: partially ionizes in solution Strong acid: completely ionizes in solution.
27
carbonate=
CO3^2-
28
what happens to heat when a reaction involves both acids and bases
heat is exothermic neutralize reaction
29
identifying parent acids and bases
- salts are often produced by neutralization reactions. 1) split salt into cations and anions 2) add hydroxide ions to the cations, Check charges cross and drop 3) add hydrogen ions to the anions
30
what do metallic oxides create with water
Basic solutions
31
what do nonmetallic oxides create with water
Acidic solutions.
32
the goal of a titration
to reach the equivalence point - moles of acid= moles of base
33
MaVa = MbVb equation
M = Concentration(mold dm^-3) V= Volume(cm3) A= acid B=base
34
Change of concentration acid or a base equation
C1V1=C2V2 C1V1= initial concentration and volume C2V2= diluted concentration and volume
35
in order to make conjugate base
Remove H+
36
in order to make conjugate acid
Add H+
37
what do an acid and a metal create
Salt + hydrogen
38
what does an acid + carbonate =
salt + water+ CO2
39
what does an acid and a base create
Salt + water neutralization reaction
40
hydroxide
OH-
41
what is PH and hydrogen ions relationship
inverse
42
can water be split up in reactions
no
43
hydronium
[H3O+]

chem (7 decks)

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