Acids and Bases Flashcards
In regard to Lewis acid and bases, which is the donor/acceptor?
Acid – electron acceptor
Base – electron donor
In regard to Bronsted-Lowry acid and bases, which is the donor/acceptor?
Acid – proton donor
Base – proton acceptor
Is water an acid or base?
It can be both
What happens to a strong acid when dissolved in water?
completely ionize (break apart into ions) when dissolved in water
What are the six examples of strong acids given in class?
HCl
HBr
HI
HNO3
HClO4
H2SO4
What happens to weak acids in water?
partially ionize when dissolved in water
What are the four examples of weak acids given in class?
HF
H2CO3
H3PO4
organic acids
(carboxylic acids, protonated drugs, etc)
Strong acids have _____ conjugate bases.
Weak
Weak acids have ____ conjugate bases.
Strong
What happens to a strong base in water?
completely ionize (break apart into ions) when dissolved in water
What were the six examples used in class for strong bases?
LiOH
NaOH
KOH
Sr(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
Ba(OH)2
What happens to weak bases in water?
partially ionize when dissolved in water
What were the three examples of weak bases from class?
Mg(OH)2
transition metal hydroxides
NH3
Water acting as an acid or base means that water is what?
Amphoteric
What is Kw (water constant)?
measure of the self ionization of water
What pH is neutral?
7
What pH is acidic?
<7
What pH is basic?
> 7
pH is logarithmic. What does that mean?
A change of 1 is a factor of 10.
i.e., a pH of 6 is 10x more acidic than a pH of 7.
i.e. a pH of 5 is 100x more acidic than a pH of 7.
On the pH scale, where do we like to be?
7.35-7.45
What pH is acidosis?
7-7.35
What pH does acidosis death occur?
<7
What pH is alkalosis?
7.45-7.8
What pH does alkalosis death occur?
> 7.8
Acid strength is relative, and depends on what? What is this known as?
depends on the ability of the group to give up a proton.
Acid-dossociation constant (Ka) –> see formula sheet for Ka = ([H3O+][A-])/[HA]
What happens as Ka gets larger?
easier it is to remove the proton (more acidic)
Lower values of pKa mean what?
More acidic
pH is on a how many point scale?
0-14
pKa is on a how many point scale?
-20 to 60
What is the pKa of water?
16
Do weak acids dissociate completely?
No, only strong acids/bases do.
Weak acids/bases don’t fully dissociate in water.
