Acids and Bases Flashcards
Arrhenius Definition
Acids and Bases
An acid is a compound which increases the concentration of hydronium (H3O+)
A base increases the concentration of hydroxyl (OH-) ions in a solution
Bronsted-Lowery Definition
Acids and bases
An acid is a compound which can donate a proton
A base is a proton acceptor
Lewis Definition
Acids and Bases
A lewis acid is a compound which accepts an electron pair
* Lewis acids either have a polarized bond to hydrogen and can, therefor, lose a proton (H+), OR they have empty orbitals into which they can accept electrons
A Lewis Base donates an eltron pair
* A Lewis base has atom(s) with nonbonding electrsons (lone pairs) which they can donate
True or False
Strength of an acid = pH
False
It has to so with ionization
* Strong acids ionize completly
Lewis Acid-Base Adduct
Two molecules (lewis acid and base) react to make one (the lewis acid-base adduct)
“A Lewis acid-base reaction occurs when a base donates a pair of electrons to an acid.
“A Lewis acid-base adduct, a compound that contains a coordinate covalent bond between the Lewis acid and the Lewis base, is formed.”
Salts
Acids and Bases
- Formed from acid-base reaction
- Ionic Character
- Acid-base properties
Poly-proctic acids
Acids with more than one acidic proton to give
Note: just because an H is present, doesn’t mean that the H is availible to be ionized
* Protons that can be donated are bonded to oxygen
Ex. H3PO3 (diprotic) and H3PO4 (triprotic)
Name all 6
Strong Acids
HCl - hydrochloric acid
HBr - hydrobromic acid
HI - hydroiodic acid
HNO3 - nitric acid
H2SO4 - sulfuric acid
HClO4 - perchloric acid
Name 6 (out of 9)
Strong Bases
Its probably safe to assume that if it ends with OH its a strong base
Li(OH)
Na(OH)
KOH
RbOH
CsOH
Mg(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
Sr(OH)2
Ba(OH)2
Explain the acid/base behaviour
Carboxylic acids
RCOOH
* Weak acid
* Conjugate base = carboxylate ions
Explain the acid/base behaviour
Amines
CH3NH2
* Weak Base
* Conj. acid = ammonium ions
Explain the acid/base properties
Anion from a Strong Acid
Neutral
ex. Cl-, NO3-, ClO4-
Unreactive with water
Explain the acid/base properties
Cation from Strong Bases
Neutral
* Unreactive with water
* ex. K+, Na+
Anion from a Weak Acid
Weak Base
* Reacts with water and acids
* ex. CH3COO-, HCOO-, F-
Explain the acid/base properties
Cation from Weak Base
Weak Acid
* Reacts with water and bases
* Ex. NH4+, CH3NH3+
