Acids and Bases

Question 1

What is a Bronsted lowry acid

Answer 1

Proton donor

Question 2

What is a Bronsted lowry base

Answer 2

Proton acceptor

Question 3

How do H+ ions exist in water

Answer 3

As H3O+ ions

Question 4

What is the general equation for the reaction of an acid with water

Answer 4

HA(aq) + H2O(l) —> H3O+(aq) + A-(aq)

Question 5

What is the general equation for the reaction of a base with water

Answer 5

B(aq) + H2O(l) —-> BH+(aq) + OH-(aq)

Question 6

What is a strong base

Answer 6

A base which fully dissociates into its ions in solution

Question 7

What is a weak base

Answer 7

A base which partially dissociates into its ions in solution

Question 8

What is a strong acid

Answer 8

An acid which fully dissociates into its ions in solution

Question 9

What is a weak acid

Answer 9

An acid which partially dissociates into its ions in solution

Question 10

Is CH3COOH a strong or weak acid

Answer 10

Weak acid

Question 11

What is the equation for the dissociation of ethanoic acid

Answer 11

CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO- + H+

Question 12

In general, are carboxylic acids weak or strong

Answer 12

Weak acids

Question 13

Give 3 examples of strong acids

Answer 13

HCl
H2SO4
HNO3

Question 14

Why are carboxylic acids weak

Answer 14

Backwards reaction favoured and so only partial dissociation occurs, meaning not many H+ produced (equilibrium lies to the left)

Question 15

What is the equation for the dissociation of HCl

Answer 15

HCl ⇌ H+ + Cl-

Question 16

Why are HCl, H2SO4, HNO3 strong acids

Answer 16

Forwards reaction strongly favoured and full dissociation occurs, meaning many H+ produced
(equilibrium lies to the right)

Question 17

Give 2 examples of strong bases

Answer 17

NaOH
KOH

Question 18

What is the equation for the dissociation of NaOH

Answer 18

NaOH ⇌ Na+ + OH-

Question 19

Why are NaOH and KOH strong bases

Answer 19

Forwards reaction strongly favoured and full dissociation occurs, meaning many OH- produced
(equilibrium lies to the right)

Question 20

Give an example of a weak base

Answer 20

NH3

Question 21

What is the equation for the dissociation of ammonia

Answer 21

NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ OH-

Question 22

Why is NH3 a weak base

Answer 22

Backwards reaction favoured and so only partial dissociation occurs, meaning not many OH- produced
(equilibrium lies to the left)

Question 23

What does ammonia require to produce OH-

Answer 23

The presence of water

Question 24

What ion does NH3 form

Answer 24

NH4+

Question 25

What is the general equation for when acids and bases react

Answer 25

HA(aq) + B(aq) ⇌ BH+(aq) + A-(aq)

Question 26

What is the role of water when it reacts with an acid

Answer 26

Water acts as a base

Question 27

What is the equation for pH

Answer 27

pH = -log[H+]

Question 28

What is the equation for [H+]

Answer 28

[H+] = 10⁻ᵖᴴ

Question 29

What is the equation for the dissociation of H2O

Answer 29

H2O ⇌ H+ + OH-

Question 30

What is the equation for Kᵥᵥ

Answer 30

Kᵥᵥ = [H⁺]²
This is due to
Kᵥᵥ = [H⁺][OH⁻] and [H⁺] = [OH⁻] in the equation:
H2O ⇌ H+ + OH-
So we can write Kᵥᵥ = [H⁺]²

Question 31

What is the value of Kᵥᵥ at 25 degrees celcius

Answer 31

1x10⁻¹⁴