acids and bases

Question 1

-Arrhenius acid is

Answer 1

substance that dissociates in water to produce HYDROGEN ions (H+)

Question 2

Arrhenius base is

Answer 2

a substance that dissociates in water to produce HYDROXIDE ions (OH-)

Question 3

Arrhenius theory

Answer 3

works with many compounds in water, but misses some (particularly bases, and clearly doesn’t describe non-aqueous solutions.)

Question 4

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

Answer 4

Proton DONOR , gives H+ ion

Question 5

Bronsted-Lowry Base

Answer 5

Proton ACCEPTOR, takes H+ ion

Question 6

Acid “dissociation” is an equilibrium where KA only describes

Answer 6

the reaction of an ACID with the solvent H20 as a BASE

Question 7

Base “dissociation” is an equilibrium where KB only describes

Answer 7

the reaction of a BASE with the solven H20 as an ACID

Question 8

Stronger Base or Acid, the larger the

Answer 8

Kb or Ka

Question 9

Amphiprotic

Answer 9

Able to both donate and accept protons eg. water

Question 10

Amphoretic

Answer 10

Act as both acid and base

Question 11

Kw in water is

Answer 11

the concentrations of products multiplied together

Question 12

for pH to OH to pOH conversion draw memorize Ryans square thing

Question 13

When is Kw constant

Answer 13

in AQUEOUS solutions at 25 degrees C

Question 14

a strong acid dissociates _____ in water

Answer 14

fully

Question 15

a weak acid dissociates ______ in water

Answer 15

partially

Question 16

An inert acid dissociates ________ in water

Answer 16

lol it doesn’t dissociate

Question 17

u can tell when an equation is Kb if

Answer 17

theres OH- in the products

Question 18

Kw for conjugate base pair is

Answer 18

Ka x Kb

Question 19

Conjugate acid-base pairs u can tell by (2 things)

Answer 19

addition of an H is the acid

large Ka <–> Small Kb

Question 20

the conjugates below are

Strong acid

Weak acid

Inert acid

Answer 20

inert base

weak base

strong base

(flip the list and change acid to base)

Question 21

Strong acids memorize

Answer 21

HCIO4

H2SO4

HNO3

H + cl or br or I on right side

Question 22

Strong bases memorize

Answer 22

Most left starting with Li to NA to K add (OH)

then on the left Ca to Sr to BA add (OH)2

Question 23

pKa and pKb can be found using what

Answer 23

-logKa

-logKb

Question 24

Ka or Kb can be calculated as

Answer 24

10⁻ᵖᴷᵇ

10⁻ᵖᴷᵃ

Question 25

pKa + pKb =

Answer 25

14

Question 26

pH =

Answer 26

-log[H3O+]

Question 27

percent disociation formula

Answer 27

([HA]dissociated / [HA] initial) x 100

Question 28

% dissociated depends on the _____ and increases with ___

Answer 28

Acid Ka

Question 29

% dissociation also _______ with increasing ______

Answer 29

increases dilution

Question 30

The more polar the H-A bond,

Answer 30

the stronger the acid

Question 31

on periodic table acid strength and electronegativity is determined how

Answer 31

2nd column of right is strongest acid

Question 32

larger atom leads to ______ bond which leads to ______ acid.

Answer 32

weaker stronger

Question 33

as electronegativity increases ____ to ____ on periodic table, acidity ___

Answer 33

left right increases

Question 34

As bond strength decreases ____ the periodic table, acidity ______

Answer 34

down increases

Question 35

If equal concentrations of reactants and products, and there is acid on both side, which would the reaction proceed?

Answer 35

to the side with the weaker acid as the strong acid is the better proton donator

Question 36

how to find pH or pOH as a single thing? If you have one of them?

Answer 36

-log (acid or base concentration) 14 - pOH or pH to get the other

Question 37

how to find [OH-] or [H+]?

Answer 37

10^⁻[ᵖᴼᴴ] ᵒʳ ⁻[ᵖᴴ]

Question 38

SALT SOLUTIONS from CONJUGATES of strong acids and strong bases are

Answer 38

neutral

Question 39

For double weak salts, how will the amount of acid compared to base affect acidity?

Answer 39

Ka > Kb = acidic (< 7 pH) Ka < Kb = basic (>7 pH) Ka ~ Kb (pH 7)

Question 40

Lewis acid is a species that

Answer 40

accepts electron pair

Question 41

Lewis Base is a species that

Answer 41

DONATES!! an electron pair

Question 42

in order for reaction constant > 1 (Kc > 1)...

Answer 42

reaction must shift to product. The two strong acid and base must be on the reactant side

Question 43

the smaller the kA the _____ the ___

Answer 43

LARGER pKa

Question 44

less oxygen =

Answer 44

weaker acid

Question 45

kW value is

Answer 45

ionization constant of water 1x10^-14