Acids and Bases

Question 1

What is an acid

Answer 1

It is a proton donor
Donationg a hydrogen

Question 2

What makes a strong acid

Answer 2

1) H on a specific atom
-H on a more electronegative atom makes it more acidic
2) delocalized conjugate base=stronger acid

Question 3

What is a base

Answer 3

It will accept the hydogen

Question 4

How does pKa play a role in acid/base

Answer 4

Higher pka is a stronger acid, weaker base
Lower pka is a weaker acid, stronger base

Question 5

How does a reaction occur?

Answer 5

Going from a stronger acid to a weaker acid
Strong acids reacting with strong bases

Question 6

How to identify the acid/bases

Answer 6

Acid is going to have a hydrogen and the base will be negative

Question 7

What is the acid matched called on the other side of the reaction

Answer 7

Conjugate base

Question 8

What is the base match called on the other side of the reaction

Answer 8

Conjugate acid

Question 9

pka of
Carboxylic acids
Phenols, 1,3-diketones
Alcohols, Water
Ketones
Alkynes
Amines
Alkenes
Alkanes

Answer 9

4
9
14-17
19
25
35
44
50

Question 10

What makes it acidic?
trends

Answer 10

1) H on electronegative atoms
2) delocalization to oxygen
3) lots of delocalization to carbon
4) some delocalization
5) induction
6) hybridization
7) Atomic Size

Question 11

What makes a strong base

Answer 11

localized electron on least EN pairs

Question 12

What makes weak bases

Answer 12

delocalized electron pairs

Question 13

How does hybridization affect acidic

Answer 13

More separated charge gives it a greater charge build up, which gives a greater reaction
Bigger orbital gives it greater charge build up
smaller is closer to nucleus makes it m ore stable
sp3 is more acidic than sp2 than sp

Question 14

What is inducation

Answer 14

delocalization if charge through the sigma bonds

Question 15

How do halogen play a role

Answer 15

More halogens you have the more acidic it is
Also the closer to the charge the more acidic it is

Question 16

How does atomic size play a role

Answer 16

Larger the atomic size it easier to grab onto due to it orbital being further out so its more delocalized
Larger as you go down the PTE or Across. Have to compare in row or column

Question 17

What will a strong acid give?

Answer 17

a weak conj-base

Question 18

What does a strong base give?

Answer 18

A weak conj-acid

Question 19

How to know which is the stronger acid?

Answer 19

Look at its conjugate base
If it is a stronger base then it a weaker acid

Question 20

How to know if a reaction will proceed

Answer 20

It has to be going from a stronger acid to a weaker acid

Question 21

What is a lewis acid and base

Answer 21

Has to do with electron
The base is donating electrons while the acid id accepting the electrons

Question 22

During lewis reactions how does it change the conformation of the structures?

Answer 22

The acid will become negative and the base becomes positive and it turns into an sp3 orbital. It goes from 2 separate conformations to one conformation