ACIDS AND BASES

Question 1

Define acids Arrhenius theory:

Answer 1

Acids produce hydrogen ions (H+
/H3O
+
/hydronium ions) in aqueous
solution.

Question 2

Define bases according the Arrhenius theory

Answer 2

Bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-
) in aqueous solution

Question 3

Define acids according to the Lowry-Brønsted theory

Answer 3

An acid is a proton (H+
ion) donor

Question 4

Define bases according to the Lowry-Brønsted theory

Answer 4

A base is a proton (H+
ion)
acceptor.

Question 5

Strong acids

Answer 5

Ionise completely in water to form a high concentration of H3O
+
ions.

Question 6

Weak acids

Answer 6

ionise incompletely in water to form a low concentration of H3O
+
ions

Question 7

Strong bases

Answer 7

dissociate completely in water to form a high concentration of OH ions

Question 8

Weak bases

Answer 8

dissociate/ionise incompletely in water to form a low concentration of OHions

Question 9

Concentrated acids/bases

Answer 9

contain a large amount (number of moles) of acid/base in
proportion to the volume of water.

Question 10

Dilute acids/bases

Answer 10

contain a small amount (number of moles) of acid/base in proportion
to the volume of water.

Question 11

Define hydrolysis

Answer 11

the reaction of a salt with water

Question 12

Define the equivalence point of a titration

Answer 12

as the point at which the acid/base has
completely reacted with the base/acid.

Question 13

Define the endpoint

Answer 13

the point where the indicator changes colour