Acids and bases Flashcards
Brontsted-lowry
Acids are proton donors and bases are a proton acceptor
Polyprotic
Acid can donate more than one proton to a base
Amphiprotic
Describes a substance which can behave as either a proton donor or a proton acceptor
What is the strength of an acid determined by
how readily it can donate a proton
Property of strong acids
Strong acids ionise completely in water
Property of weak acids
Weak acids partially ionize in water
Property of strong bases
Accept protons very readily
Property of weak bases
Only a small proportion accept a proton from an acid
What is the relationship between the strength of an acid and its conjugated base
The stronger an acid, the weaker its conjugated base
Property of concentrated acid/bases in relation to dilute acid/bases
Concentrated acids/bases contains more moles of solute per litre of solution than a dilute acid or base
Strong acids
H2SO4
HCL
HNO3
Weak acids
Ch3cooh
H2Co3
H3po4
HF
Strong bases
NaOH
KOH
Ca(OH)2
Weak Bases
NH3
acid + metal hydroxide
Salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate
Salt + water + Carbon dioxide
Acid + metal hydrogen carbonate
Salt + water + Carbon dioxide
Property of antacids that assists in the neutralisation of stomach acids
Antacids contain weak, non toxic bases such as
Magnesium carbonate, Calcium carbonate, Aluminium hydroxide, Magnesium Hydroxide
that undergoes a mild neutralisation reaction with stomach acid
Precision
How close multiple measurements of the same investigation are to each other
Accuracy
How close an experiment value is to a known value
What are indicators
Weak acids or weak bases that only partially ionise in solution
Advantage of using pH Meter over indicators
Results are not affected by colour or cloudiness
Values are accurate to 0.01
Some pH meters have an inbuilt calibration for temperature changes.
Examples of Natural indicators
Litmus
Red Cabbage
Examples of commercial indicators
Methyl orange
phenolphthalein
Bromothymol Blue
