Acids and Bases Flashcards
An acid is…
a species that donates a proton, H+, during an acid-base reaction
Properties of acids include…
- corrosive
- taste sour
- react with bases
- pH <7
- solutions can conduct electrical current
What colours do indicators turn in the presence of acids?
Phenolphthalein: pink to colourless
Blue litmus: blue to red
Methyl orange: orange to red
A base is…
a species that accepts a proton, H+, during an acid-base reaction
Properties of bases include…
- slippery feel
- taste bitter
- caustic
- react with acids
- pH >7
- solutions can conduct an electrical current
What colours do indicators turn in the presence of bases?
Phenolphthalein: colourless to pink
Red litmus: red to blue
Methyl orange: orange to yellow
An acid-base reaction is where…
a proton, H+, is transferred between two chemical species
Ionisation is…
the process by which a chemical species gains or loses an electrical charge, forming ions
Disassociation is…
the process by which a molecule separates into smaller particles
Base + acid -> ?
water + salt (BAWS)
Metal + acid -> ?
salt + hydrogen (MASH)
Carbonate (or hydrogen carbonate) + acid -> ?
water + carbon dioxide + salt
Amphiprotic species are…
substances which can act as either acids or bases - they can either donate or accept a proton, H+
A monoprotic acid is…
a species that donates one proton, H+, during ionisation
Eg. HCl, HNO3, NH4+
A diprotic acid is…
a species that donates two protons, H+, during ionisation
Eg. H2SO4, H2SO3
A triprotic acid is…
a species that donates three protons, H+, during ionisation
Eg. H3PO4
A strong acid is one that will…
undergo complete ionisation when added to water
Examples of strong acids include…
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) Hydrochloric acid (HCl) Nitric acid (HNO3)
A weak acid is one that…
does not readily give up its H+ ion in solution
Examples of weak acids include…
Ammonium (NH4+) Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
A strong base is one that…
readily accepts a proton, H+, during an acid-base reaction
readily dissociates to form OH- ions and a basic solution
Examples of strong bases include…
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
A weak base is one that…
does not readily accept a H+ ion
Examples of weak bases include…
Ammonia (NH3) Sulphate (SO42-) Ethanoate (CH3COO-) Bicarbonate (HCO3-) Fluoride (F-)
