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Chemistry > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

An acid is…

A

a species that donates a proton, H+, during an acid-base reaction

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2
Q

Properties of acids include…

A
  • corrosive
  • taste sour
  • react with bases
  • pH <7
  • solutions can conduct electrical current
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3
Q

What colours do indicators turn in the presence of acids?

A

Phenolphthalein: pink to colourless
Blue litmus: blue to red
Methyl orange: orange to red

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4
Q

A base is…

A

a species that accepts a proton, H+, during an acid-base reaction

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5
Q

Properties of bases include…

A
  • slippery feel
  • taste bitter
  • caustic
  • react with acids
  • pH >7
  • solutions can conduct an electrical current
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6
Q

What colours do indicators turn in the presence of bases?

A

Phenolphthalein: colourless to pink
Red litmus: red to blue
Methyl orange: orange to yellow

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7
Q

An acid-base reaction is where…

A

a proton, H+, is transferred between two chemical species

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8
Q

Ionisation is…

A

the process by which a chemical species gains or loses an electrical charge, forming ions

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9
Q

Disassociation is…

A

the process by which a molecule separates into smaller particles

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10
Q

Base + acid -> ?

A

water + salt (BAWS)

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11
Q

Metal + acid -> ?

A

salt + hydrogen (MASH)

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12
Q

Carbonate (or hydrogen carbonate) + acid -> ?

A

water + carbon dioxide + salt

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13
Q

Amphiprotic species are…

A

substances which can act as either acids or bases - they can either donate or accept a proton, H+

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14
Q

A monoprotic acid is…

A

a species that donates one proton, H+, during ionisation

Eg. HCl, HNO3, NH4+

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15
Q

A diprotic acid is…

A

a species that donates two protons, H+, during ionisation

Eg. H2SO4, H2SO3

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16
Q

A triprotic acid is…

A

a species that donates three protons, H+, during ionisation

Eg. H3PO4

17
Q

A strong acid is one that will…

A

undergo complete ionisation when added to water

18
Q

Examples of strong acids include…

A 
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4)
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
19
Q

A weak acid is one that…

A

does not readily give up its H+ ion in solution

20
Q

Examples of weak acids include…

A 
Ammonium (NH4+)
Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)
Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
21
Q

A strong base is one that…

A

readily accepts a proton, H+, during an acid-base reaction

readily dissociates to form OH- ions and a basic solution

22
Q

Examples of strong bases include…

A 
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
23
Q

A weak base is one that…

A

does not readily accept a H+ ion

24
Q

Examples of weak bases include…

A 
Ammonia (NH3)
Sulphate (SO42-)
Ethanoate (CH3COO-)
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
Fluoride (F-)
25
Q

Strong acids have…

A

negligible conjugate bases

26
Q

Strong bases have…

A

negligible conjugate acids

27
Q

Strength of an acids relates to…

A

what proportion of its molecules will donate a proton, H+

28
Q

An acid’’s concentration depends on…

A

how many of those acid molecules are in the solution

29
Q

The pH scale shows…

A

how acidic/basic a solution is

30
Q

Acids have a pH value of…

A

between 0-7

31
Q

Bases have a pH value of…

A

between 8-14

32
Q

Neutral solutions have a pH value of…

A

between 7-7.5/8

33
Q

Ionic product of water equation:

A

Kw = [H3O+] [OH-] = 1.00 x 10(-14)

34
Q

pH equation:

A

pH = -log 10 [H3O+]

35
Q

Concentration from pH equation:

A

[H3O+] = 10(-pH)

36
Q

The acid dissociation constant, Ka, is given by the formula…

A

Ka = [H3O+] [A-] / [HA]

Chemistry (4 decks)

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