Acids And Alkalis Flashcards
What colour do acids turn litmus?
Red
What colour do alkalis turn litmus?
Blue
What colour do neutral solutions turn litmus?
Purple
Give 3 examples of acids found in everyday life.
Fizzy drinks, vinegar, juice, battery acid
Give 3 examples of alkalis found in everyday life.
Toothpaste, washing powder, hair dye, drain cleaner, bleach
What colour will universal indicator be in acids
Red (strong acids) orange or yellow (weaker acids)
What is the pH of a strong acid
0 or 1
What is the pH of a neutral solution
7
What is the pH of an acid?
<7
What is the pH of an alkali?
> 7
What is the pH of a strong alkali?
14
What colour will universal indicator be in alkalis?
Blue or purple
What colour will universal indicator be in neutral solutions?
Green
What colour is red cabbage indicator in neutral solutions?
Purple
What colour is red cabbage indicator in acids?
Red or pink
What colour is red cabbage indicator in alkaline solutions?
Green
Which element do all acids contain?
Hydrogen
What contains hydroxide ions?
Alkaline solutions
What reaction occurs if we add an acid to an alkali?
Neutralisation
Sodium hydroxide makes what kind of salts?
“Sodium e.g. sodium chloride”
Potassium hydroxide makes potassium salts
“Potassium e.g. potassium chloride”
Acid + alkali -> ______ + ______
Salt + water
What is a base?
Any substance that neutralises an acid forming salt + water
Is an alkali a base?
Yes! It is a soluble base
Why are insoluble bases usually preferred to alkalis where neutralisation is required? e.g. indigestion tablets, soil pH adjustment
If too much alkali is added it will dissolve and make an alkaline solution. If too much insoluble base is added, the substance remains neutral because it does not dissolve.
Give some typical properties of metals
Strong, high melting point, good conductor of heat and electricity, shiny when polished.
metal + acid ->
“Salt + Hydrogen (remember MASH!)”
metal carbonate + acid ->
salt + water + carbon dioxide
What do you call a mixture if the solid settles out of the liquid if left to stand still?
Suspension
What do you call a cloudy mixture where the solid does not settle out of the liquid if left to stand still?
Colloid
What do you can a mixture where the solid is dissolved in a liquid
Solution
What is a solution?
A mixture where a solid dissolves into a liquid
When a solution contains the maximum amount of liquid that will dissolve in it, this is known as
Saturated
What is solubility?
The amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of liquid
What do you call the substance that will dissolve in a liquid to make a solution
Solute
What do you call a liquid into which other substances will dissolve
Solvent
When a substance is dissolved in a liquid what happens to the overall mass?
Stays the same. Nothing “disappears” - you have the same number of atoms before and after.
What happens to solubility as temperature increases?
It increases
What happens to solubility as temperature increases?
It increases
