Acids and Alkalis Flashcards
What is an indicator?
A special type of chemical that will turn a different colour in an acid or alkali
Where do most indicators come from?
Plants
Name some common examples of indicators
Universal indicator, litmus paper, litmus solution, red cabbage
What colour does litmus paper go in acids?
Red
What colour does litmus paper go in alkalis?
Blue
What is one thing that universal indicator tells us that litmus paper does not?
The strength of the acid or alkali
What is a neutralisation reaction?
A reaction between an acid and an alkali to make salt and water
Why can’t the salt initially be seen in the solution after the neutralisation reaction has been carried out?
It is dissolved in the solution
What does hydrochloric acid always make?
-Chloride
What does sulfuric acid always make?
-Sulfate
What does Nitric acid always make?
-Nitrate
What forms when an acid and a metal react?
Salt+Hydrogen
What are oxides and hydroxides?
Alkalis
What is the pH?
A number that tells us how strong an acid or alkali is
What is anything 1-6 on the pH scale?
Acid
What is anything 8-14 on the pH scale?
Alkali
What is pH 7?
Neutral
What do the colours on the pH scale represent?
The colour the solution would go if Universal indicator was added
What are some common alkalis?
Soap, toothpaste, Bleach, Ammonia
What are some properties of Acids?
pH less than 7
Sour taste and sharp odor
They are corrosive and good conductors of electricity
They react with metals to produce hydrogen
What are some properties of alkalis?
They have a pH of above 7
They have a bitter taste and slippery soap feel
Alkaline solution turn litmus paper blue
They are water-soluble bases
What is a base?
Something that can neutralize an acid/ when react with an acid, forms salt and water
What are the two categories of acids?
Mineral and organic acids
Are all bases alkalis?
No
Are all alkalis bases?
Yes, all alkalis are water soluble bases
What is a salt?
Substance produced when a base and an acid and alkali react
How is acid rain formed?
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides mix with clouds to form acid rain
What are the effects of acid rain?
It can damage buildings
It can corrode metals
It can damage plants
It can make soil more acidic
What is the chemical test for oxygen?
Place a glowing splint in a test tube, if the gas is oxygen, the splint will relight
What is the chemical test for Carbon Dioxide?
Bubble CO2 through limewater, if limewater turns cloudy, the gas is CO2
What is the chemical test for hydrogen?
Lighted splint will ignite and make a squeaky pop
