Acids & Alkalis + The Reactivity Series Flashcards
Phenolphthalein colour change
Acid - colourless
Neutral - colourless
Alkali - colourless to pink
Methyl orange colour change
Acid - orange to red
Neutral - stays orange
Alkali - orange to yellow
Blue litmus colour change
Acid - blue to red
Neutral - blue
Alkali - blue
Red litmus colour change
Acid - red
Neutral - red
Alkali - red to blue
Litmus indicator colour change
Acid- red
Neutral - purple
Alkali - blue
Universal indicator colour change
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple
Hydrochloric acid formula
HCl
Nitric acid formula
HNO3
Sulfuric acid formula
H2SO4
Phosphoric acid formula
H3PO4
Ethanoic acid formula
CH3COOH
Sodium hydroxide formula
NaOH
Calcium hydroxide formula
Ca(OH)2
Ammonium hydroxide formula
NH4OH
Hydroxides and acids formula
Metal Hydroxide + Acid -> Salt + Water
Oxides and acids formula
Metal Oxide + Acid -> Salt + Water
Carbonates and acids formula
Metal Carbonate + Acid -> Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water
Metal reactions with water (reactivity series)
K
Na
Li
Ca
(reacts with cold water to produce hydroxides)
Mg
Al
Zn
Fe
(reacts with hot water or water vapour to form oxides)
Cu
Ag
Au
(no reaction)
Metals and water formula
Metal + Water -> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen
Metals and steam formula
Metal + Steam -> Metal Oxide + Hydrogen
Metals and acid formula
Metal + Acid -> Metal salt + Hydrogen
Metal reactions with acids (reactivity series)
K
Na
Li
Ca
Mg
Al
Zn
Fe
(reaction)
Cu
Ag
Au
(no reaction)
Metal reactions with oxygen (reactivity series)
K
Na
Li
Ca
Mg
Al
Zn
Fe
Cu
(react to form oxide)
Ag
Au
(no reaction)
Metal and oxygen formula
Metal + Oxygen -> Metal Oxide
Displacement reaction
Chemical reaction where a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element in a compound
Oxidation
Gain of oxygen or loss of electrons
Reduction
Loss of oxygen or gain of electrons
Oxidising agent
A substance that oxidises another substance and gets reduced in a reaction
Reducing agent
A substance that reduces another substance and gets oxidised in a reaction
Sacrificial protection
When a more reactive metal is attached to a less reactive metal and reacts instead of that metal.
Galvanising
Coating a metal (e.g. steel) with a more reactive metal (e.g. zinc)
Acids in an aqueous solution
Produce hydrogen ions (H+), which makes the solution acidic. They are proton donors.
Alkalis in an aqueous solution
Produce hydroxide ions (OH-), which make solution alkaline. They are proton acceptors.
Chlorides formula
Cl-
Sulfates formula
SO42-
Nitrates formula
NO3-
